Three logic gates (OR, INHIBIT, and AND logic gates) were fabricated for the simultaneous detection of cyromazine and melamine by using the aptamer-facilitated design of AuNPs. With the INHIBIT gate, we could determine the presence of melamine.

Addition of every pyridine type nitrogen (= N–) to the azole ring increases the N(1)–H acidity. This idea led to determining the pK_a of pentazole by graphical extrapolation. In addition to this, theoretical calculations were performed to calculate the pK_a of pentazole. The pK_a of pentazole estimated by different methods is reported in this article.

The properties of surfactants affect liquid-crystal (LC) based sensors significantly. However, studies are mostly limited to single surfactant systems and rarely involve mixed surfactant systems. Mixed surfactants-decorated LC-laden interfaces show an outstanding optical response for proteins, and thus the related different mechanisms have been proposed.

Three-level reversible fluorescence switching of donor–acceptor type bipyridine molecules by simple protonation–deprotonation equilibria is discussed with detailed analysis of the relevant steps. Site-specific protonation causes structural changes in absorbing and emitting species and their ratio, which leads to dramatic change in fluorescence.

A perylene derivative-based fluorescent probe combined with polydopamine (PDA) was developed to monitor acetylcholinesterase activity. The optical signal switched off in the presence of PDA which spontaneously polymerizes from dopamine, while it was switched on in absence of PDA whose polymerization is inhibited by the hydrolysis product of acetylthiocholine catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase.

In the present study, the design of the ligand sarcosyl-l-lysyl-l-lysine (Sar-Lys-Lys) was based on the structure of human serum albumin (HSA). Sar-Lys-Lys coordinated to copper via three nitrogens to form a distorted square planar geometry.

(Difluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCHF₂) is a useful difluoromethylating nucleophilic source.