Cannabis Phytochemicals: A Review of Phytocannabinoid Chemistry and Bioactivity as Neuroprotective Agents
Dylan T. Marsh A and Scott D. Smid
A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
B Corresponding author. Email: scott.smid@adelaide.edu.au
Mr Dylan Marsh is undertaking his Ph.D. in the discipline of pharmacology in the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences at the University of Adelaide. His work aims to explore and characterize the potential role of natural products as neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents, with a particular focus on the use of phytocannabinoids. |
Dr Scott Smid is a pharmacologist specializing in drug discovery and development research, both in the pharmaceutical industry and academia. He maintains a strong research interest in experimental therapeutics applied towards novel treatments for gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative diseases. This includes investigating the biological actions of phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids in areas as diverse as gut function, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. |
Australian Journal of Chemistry 74(6) 388-404 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH20183
Submitted: 4 June 2020 Accepted: 13 August 2020 Published: 18 September 2020
Abstract
With the advent of medical cannabis usage globally, there has been a renewed interest in exploring the chemical diversity of this unique plant. Cannabis produces hundreds of unique phytocannabinoids, which not only have diverse chemical structures but also a range of cellular and molecular actions, interesting pharmacological properties, and biological actions. In addition, it produces other flavonoids, stilbenoids, and terpenes that have been variably described as conferring additional or so-called entourage effects to whole-plant extracts when used in therapeutic settings. This review explores this phytochemical diversity in relation to specific bioactivity ascribed to phytocannabinoids as neuroprotective agents. It outlines emergent evidence for the potential for selected phytocannabinoids and other cannabis phytochemicals to mitigate factors such as inflammation and oxidative stress as drivers of neurotoxicity, in addition to focusing on specific interactions with pathological misfolding proteins, such as amyloid β, associated with major forms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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