Water relations of wallum species in contrasting groundwater habitats of Pleistocene beach ridge barriers on the lower north coast of New South Wales, Australia
Stephen J. Griffith A B F , Susan Rutherford A C D , Kerri L. Clarke A and Nigel W. M. Warwick A E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
B Present address: 3 Petken Drive, Taree, NSW 2430, Australia.
C Present address: School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
D Present address: National Herbarium of NSW, The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
E Present address: Plant, Soil and Environment Systems, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: stephengriffith7@bigpond.com
Australian Journal of Botany 63(7) 618-630 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT15103
Submitted: 26 August 2014 Accepted: 26 July 2015 Published: 14 September 2015
Abstract
This study examined the water relations of sclerophyllous evergreen vegetation (wallum) on coastal sand barriers in eastern Australia. Many wallum species may be groundwater dependent, although the extent of this dependency is largely unknown. Twenty-six perennial tree, shrub and herb species were investigated in three groundwater habitats (ridge, open depression, closed depression). Pre-dawn and midday shoot xylem water potentials (ψx) were measured monthly between late autumn 2010 and late summer 2011. Pressure–volume curve traits were determined in mid- to late spring 2009, including the osmotic potential at full (π100) and zero (π0) turgor, and bulk modulus of elasticity (ε). Carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) were also determined in mid- to late spring 2009, to measure water-use efficiency (WUE). The species displayed a range of physiological strategies in response to water relations, and these strategies overlapped among contrasting growth forms and habitats. Linear relationships between osmotic and elastic adjustment were significant. A strong correlation between δ13C and distribution along the hydrological gradient was not apparent. Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha (A.S.George) A.S.George, Eucalyptus racemosa Cav. subsp. racemosa and Eucalyptus robusta Sm. displayed little seasonal variation in ψx and maintained a comparatively high pre-dawn ψx, and are therefore likely to be phreatophytic. Wetland vegetation in the lowest part of the landscape appeared to tolerate extreme fluctuations in water availability linked to a prevailing climatic pattern of variable and unreliable seasonal rainfall.
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