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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 48(12)

The population dynamics of the mediterranean snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta (Hygromiidae) and Theba pisana (Helicidae) in pasture–cereal rotations in South Australia: a 20-year study

G. H. Baker
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

CSIRO Entomology, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Email: Geoff.Baker@csiro.au

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48(12) 1514-1522 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08031
Submitted: 12 January 2008  Accepted: 26 May 2008   Published: 6 November 2008

Abstract

The snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta and Theba pisana are introduced pests of grain crops and pastures in southern Australia. The population dynamics of these three species of snail were studied for 20 years in two adjacent fields where they coexisted on a farm on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. The fields were used for pasture–cereal rotations. Surveys were conducted in autumn and spring each year, coinciding respectively with the start of the breeding season and peak abundance of snails (mostly juveniles). Populations varied greatly in abundance between years and between species, but snails were generally most common in spring, in wet years, especially those with wet autumns and wet springs. Rainfall early in a particular year (i.e. at sowing of crops in autumn) can thus be used to predict the likelihood of heavy snail infestations later in spring (i.e. at harvest). In contrast, the abundance of adult snails in autumn was a poor predictor of the subsequent abundance of juvenile snails in spring, especially in crops. There were no significant correlations, at field scale, between the average abundance of the three species of snail in spring, in either pastures or crops. However, at a sampling scale of 0.25 m2, there were consistent, negative relationships between the abundance of all three snail species. Such patterns may reflect either competitive interactions between snails or subtle differences in micro-habitat choice. Patterns in the abundance of snails (e.g. large numbers near field edges) were suggestive of occasional invasion from dense populations in adjacent fields.


Acknowledgements

The research was funded by the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation and Australian Wool Innovation (and their earlier equivalents). Several CSIRO staff assisted with the work over the years and I thank them all for their efforts. Special thanks goes to Vicki Barrett, Penny Carter, Bruce Hawke and Bonnie Vogelzang. I also wish to thank Dave and Peter Walton and Alan Wilson for access to their property.


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