Impact of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic, organic acids or their combination on growth performance, carcass traits, economic efficiency, jejunum histomorphometry and some blood indices of broiler chickens
Ayman S. Salah A , Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany B C and Mohamed A. Ali B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, 51714, Egypt.
B Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, El-Zeraa Str. 114, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
C Corresponding author. Email: mahmoudtarabany2887@yahoo.com; mmohamedibrahim@zu.edu.eg
Animal Production Science 59(7) 1318-1326 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18156
Submitted: 27 February 2018 Accepted: 24 August 2018 Published: 25 October 2018
Abstract
The objective was to explore the possible impacts of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic, organic acids or their combination on the growing efficiency, carcass traits and some blood constituents in broilers. In total, 160 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into four equal groups (40 birds with 8 replicates). The control group received the basal diet with no supplements, while diets of the treated groups were supplemented with organic acids (OA; 1 g/kg), a synbiotic (S; 1 g/kg) and an equal mix of OA and the synbiotic (OS; 2 g/kg). The dietary supplementation with OA decreased the feed intake (P = 0.011) and bodyweight gain (P = 0.011) when compared with other experimental groups. However, the dietary supplementation with the synbiotic plus OA resulted in a considerable improvement in the overall feed conversion rate when compared with the control and OA-supplemented groups (P = 0.001). Groups fed the diets supplemented with the synbiotic or the synbiotic plus OA showed significantly higher net profits and the profit to cost ratio than did the CON and OA-supplemented groups (P = 0.010 and 0.005 respectively). Birds in the S and OS groups had a significantly higher jejunum villus height (P = 0.001), and carcass (P = 0.012) and breast meat (P = 0.001) yields than did those in the control and OA groups. However, the synbiotic-supplemented group produced significantly lower abdominal fat percentage (P = 0.021). The dietary supplementation with the synbiotic or the synbiotic plus OA decreased the lymphocyte counts (P = 0.003) and the serum reduced glutathione concentration (P = 0.001), but significantly decreased the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.001), and the serum cholesterol (P = 0.014) and oxidised glutathione (P = 0.002) concentrations compared with the control and OA-supplemented groups. The present findings showed that dietary supplementation with a synbiotic or a synbiotic plus OA can improve the growth performance, carcass traits, serum antioxidant activity and blood-related indices in broilers.
Additional keywords: feed additives, feed conversion, welfare.
References
Abdel Aziz E, El-Nabtity S, El Barawy A, Saleh M (2017) Residues of ceftiofur sodium in rabbit tissues. Zagazig Veterinary Journal 45, 104–111.| Residues of ceftiofur sodium in rabbit tissues.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Abdel-Raheem SM, Abd-Allah SMS, Hassanein KMA (2012) The effects of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on intestinal microbial ecology and histomorphology of broiler chickens. International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences 6, 277–289.
| The effects of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on intestinal microbial ecology and histomorphology of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology 105, 121–126.
| Catalase in vitro.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ahmed KS, Hasan M, Asaduzzaman M, Khatun A (2015) Effects of probiotics and synbiotics on growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. Journal of Science 5, 926–929.
Akinleye SB, Iyayi EA, Afolabi KD (2008) The performance, haematology and carcass traits of broilers as affected by diets supplemented with or without biomin a natural growth promoter. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, 467–470.
Andreopoulou M, Tsiouris V, Georgopoulou I (2014) Effects of organic acids on the gut ecosystem and on the performance of broiler chickens. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 65, 289–301.
| Effects of organic acids on the gut ecosystem and on the performance of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Angel R, Dalloul RA, Doerr J (2005) Performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a direct-fed microbial. Poultry Science 84, 1222–1231.
| Performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a direct-fed microbial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Anjum MI, Khan AG, Azim A, Afzal M (2005) Effect of dietary supplementation of multi-strain probiotic on broiler growth performance. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 25, 25–29.
Ashayerizadeh A, Dabiri N, Ashayerizadeh O, Mirzadeh KH, Roshanfekr H, Mamooee M (2009) Effect of dietary antibiotic, probiotic and prebiotic as growth promoters, on growth performance, carcass characteristics and hematological indices of broiler chickens. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12, 52–57.
| Effect of dietary antibiotic, probiotic and prebiotic as growth promoters, on growth performance, carcass characteristics and hematological indices of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Aviagen (2014) ‘Ross 308 broiler management handbook.’ (Aviagen Group: Huntsville, AL)
Awad WA, Ghareeb K, Abdel-Raheem S, Bohm J (2009) Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 88, 49–56.
| Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cheng YF, Chen YP, Li XH, Yang WL, Wen C, Kang YR, Wang AQ, Zhou YM (2017) Effects of synbiotic supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and muscular antioxidant capacity and mineral contents in broilers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97, 3699–3705.
| Effects of synbiotic supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and muscular antioxidant capacity and mineral contents in broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dastar B, Khosravi A, Boldajie F, Ghoorchi T (2016) Effect of calcium with and without probiotic, lactose, or both on organ and body weights, immune response and caecal microbiota in moulted laying hens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 100, 243–250.
| Effect of calcium with and without probiotic, lactose, or both on organ and body weights, immune response and caecal microbiota in moulted laying hens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
de Vrese M, Schrezenmeir J (2008) Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Food Biotechnology 111, 1–66.
Dibner JJ, Buttin P (2002) Use of organic acids as a model to study the impact of gut microflora on nutrition and metabolism. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 11, 453–463.
| Use of organic acids as a model to study the impact of gut microflora on nutrition and metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dikeman CL, Murphy MR, Fahey GC (2006) Dietary fibers affect viscosity of solutions and simulated human gastric and small intestinal digesta. The Journal of Nutrition 136, 913–919.
| Dietary fibers affect viscosity of solutions and simulated human gastric and small intestinal digesta.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Erdoğan Z, Erdoğan S, Aslantaş Ö, Çelik S (2010) Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, caecal coliform population and some oxidant/antioxidant parameters of broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 94, e40–e48.
| Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, caecal coliform population and some oxidant/antioxidant parameters of broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ezenduka EV, Ike OS, Anaelom NJ (2014) Rapid detection of antimicrobial residues in poultry: a consequence of non-prudent use of antimicrobials. Health 6, 149–152.
| Rapid detection of antimicrobial residues in poultry: a consequence of non-prudent use of antimicrobials.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fallah R, Sadra S, Fosoul A, Rezaei H (2014) Effect of synbiotic on performance and serum biochemical parameters of ostrich chicks. Pizhuhish Dar Ulum-i Kishavarzi 1, 51–56.
Fascina VB, Pasquali GA, Carvalho FB, Muro EM, Vercese F, Aoyagi MM, Pezzato AC, Gonzales E, Sartori JR (2017) Effects of phytogenic additives and organic acids, alone or in combination, on the performance, intestinal quality and immune responses of broiler chickens. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 19, 497–508.
| Effects of phytogenic additives and organic acids, alone or in combination, on the performance, intestinal quality and immune responses of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ferket PR, Gernat AG (2006) Factors that affect feed intake of meat birds: a review. International Journal of Poultry Science 5, 905–911.
| Factors that affect feed intake of meat birds: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ghasemi HA, Kasani N, Taherpour K (2014) Effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.), a probiotic, a prebiotic and a synbiotic on growth performance, immune response and blood characteristics of male broilers. Livestock Science 164, 128–134.
| Effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.), a probiotic, a prebiotic and a synbiotic on growth performance, immune response and blood characteristics of male broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hamasalim HJ (2016) Synbiotic as feed additives relating to animal health and performance. Advances in Microbiology 6, 288–302.
| Synbiotic as feed additives relating to animal health and performance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hassanpour H, Zamani Moghaddam AK, Khosravi MM (2013) Effects of synbiotic on the intestinal morphology and humoral immune response in broiler chickens. Livestock Science 153, 116–122.
| Effects of synbiotic on the intestinal morphology and humoral immune response in broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hayat TA, Sultan A, Khan RU, Khan S, Hassan Z, Ullah R, Aziz T (2014) Impact of organic acid on some liver and kidney function tests in Japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46, 1179–1182.
Jayatilleke E, Shaw S (1993) A high performance liquid chromatographic assay for reduced and oxidized glutathione in biological samples. Analytical Biochemistry 214, 452–457.
| A high performance liquid chromatographic assay for reduced and oxidized glutathione in biological samples.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Karatas F, Karatepe M, Baysar A (2002) Determination of free malondialdehyde in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Biochemistry 311, 76–79.
| Determination of free malondialdehyde in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Khan RU, Rahman ZU, Nikousefat Z, Javadi M, Tufarelli V, Dario C, Selvaggi M, Laudadio V (2012) Immunomodulating effects of vitamin E in broilers. World’s. Poultry Science 68, 31–40.
Khodambashi Emami N, Samie A, Rahmani HR, Ruiz-Feria CA (2012) The effect of peppermint essential oil and fructooligosaccharides, as alternatives to virginiamycin, on growth performance, digestibility, gut morphology and immune response of male broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 175, 57–64.
| The effect of peppermint essential oil and fructooligosaccharides, as alternatives to virginiamycin, on growth performance, digestibility, gut morphology and immune response of male broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kopecký J, Hrnčár C, Weis J (2012) Effect of organic acids supplement on performance of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 45, 51–54.
Leeson S, Namkung H, Antongiovanni M, Lee EH (2005) Effect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 84, 1418–1422.
| Effect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Likotrafiti E, Tuohy KM, Gibson GR, Rastall RA (2016) Antimicrobial activity of selected synbiotics targeted for the elderly against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 67, 83–91.
| Antimicrobial activity of selected synbiotics targeted for the elderly against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liong MT, Dunshea FR, Shah NP (2007) Effects of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 on plasma lipid profiles and morphology of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high- and low-fat diets. British Journal of Nutrition 98, 736–744.
| Effects of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 on plasma lipid profiles and morphology of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high- and low-fat diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lückstädt C (2014) Effects of dietary potassium diformate on growth and gastrointestinal health in weaned piglets in Vietnam. In ‘Conference on international research on food security, natural resource management and rural development’, 17–19 September, Prague, Czech Republic.
Mariadason JM, Kilias D, Catto-Smith A, Gibson PR (1999) Effect of butyrate on paracellular permeability in rat distal colonic mucosa ex vivo. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research 14, 873–879.
| Effect of butyrate on paracellular permeability in rat distal colonic mucosa ex vivo.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Miles RD, Butcher GD, Henry PR, Littell RC (2006) Effect of antibiotic growth promoters on broiler performance, intestinal growth parameters and quantitative morphology. Poultry Science 85, 476–485.
| Effect of antibiotic growth promoters on broiler performance, intestinal growth parameters and quantitative morphology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Min YN, Yang HL, Xu YX, Gao YP (2016) Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant capacities of broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 100, 1073–1080.
| Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant capacities of broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mokhtari R, Yazdani AR, Rezaee M, Ghorbani B (2009) The effect of synbiotics and phytobiotic on broiler blood parameters. In ‘Proceedings of 4th animal science congress’, April, Karaj, Iran. pp. 142–145.
Mund MD, Khan UH, Tahir U, Mustafa BE, Fayyaz A (2017) Antimicrobial drug residues in poultry products and implications on public health: a review. International Journal of Food Properties 20, 1433–1446.
| Antimicrobial drug residues in poultry products and implications on public health: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Munj CP, Ranade AS, Desai DN, Patil MB, Avari PE, Patil UM, Metakari DV (2010) Synergistic effects of feed additives on performance of broilers. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 45, 292–296.
Nikpiran H, Vahdatpour T, Babazadeh D, Tabatabaei SM, Vahdatpour S (2014) Effects of functional feed additives on growth influenced hormones and performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). Greener Journal of Biological Sciences 4, 39–44.
| Effects of functional feed additives on growth influenced hormones and performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
National Research Council (NRC) (1994) ‘Nutrient requirements of poultry.’ 9th rev. edn. (National Academy Press: Washington, DC)
Ooi LG, Liong MT (2010) Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11, 2499–2522.
| Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pelícia K, Mendes AA, Saldanha ESPB, Pizzolante CC, Takahashi SE, Moreira J, Garcia RG, Quinteiro RR, Paz ICLA, Komiyama CM (2004) Use of prebiotics and probiotics of bacterial and yeast origin for free-range broiler chickens. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 6, 163–169.
| Use of prebiotics and probiotics of bacterial and yeast origin for free-range broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pineda-Quiroga C, Atxaerandio R, Ruiz R, García-Rodríguez A (2017) Effects of dry whey powder alone or combined with calcium butyrate on productive performance, duodenal morphometry, nutrient digestibility, and ceca bacteria counts of broiler chickens. Livestock Science 206, 65–70.
| Effects of dry whey powder alone or combined with calcium butyrate on productive performance, duodenal morphometry, nutrient digestibility, and ceca bacteria counts of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Popović SJ, Kostadinović LM, Puvača NM, Lević JD, Đuragić OM, Kokić BM, Ĉabarkapa IS, Vranješ MV (2015) Effect of synbiotic on growth and antioxidant status of blood in broiler chicken. Food & Feed Research 42, 163–169.
| Effect of synbiotic on growth and antioxidant status of blood in broiler chicken.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Puvača N, Kostadinović Lj, Popović S, Lević J, Ljubojević D, Tufarelli V, Jovanović R, Tasić T, Ikonić P, Lukaĉ D (2016) Proximate composition, cholesterol concentration and lipid oxidation of meat from chickens fed dietary spice addition (Allium sativum, Piper nigrum, Capsicum annuum). Animal Production Science 56, 1920–1927.
| Proximate composition, cholesterol concentration and lipid oxidation of meat from chickens fed dietary spice addition (Allium sativum, Piper nigrum, Capsicum annuum).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Roth N, Mayrhofer S, Gierus M, Weingut C, Schwarz C, Doupovec B, Berrios R, Domig KJ (2017) Effect of an organic acids based feed additive and enrofloxacin on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in cecum of broilers. Poultry Science 96, 4053–4060.
| Effect of an organic acids based feed additive and enrofloxacin on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in cecum of broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sahin T, Kaya I, Unal Y, Emali DA (2008) Dietary supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics combination on performance, carcass quality and blood parameters in growing quail. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7, 1370–1373.
Saiyed MA, Joshi RS, Savaliya FP, Patel AB, Mishra RK, Bhagora NJ (2015) Study on inclusion of probiotic, prebiotic and its combination in broiler diet and their effect on carcass characteristics and economics of commercial broilers. Veterinary World 8, 225–231.
| Study on inclusion of probiotic, prebiotic and its combination in broiler diet and their effect on carcass characteristics and economics of commercial broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Salim HM, Kang HK, Akter N, Kim DW, Kim JH, Kim MJ, Na JC, Jong HB, Choi HC, Suh OS, Kim WK (2013) Supplementation of direct-fed microbials as an alternative to antibiotic on growth performance, immune response, cecal microbial population, and ileal morphology of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 92, 2084–2090.
| Supplementation of direct-fed microbials as an alternative to antibiotic on growth performance, immune response, cecal microbial population, and ileal morphology of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
SAS (2003) ‘SAS/STAT users guide.’ (SAS Institute Inc.: Cary, NC)
Sekhon BS, Jairath S (2010) Prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics: an overview. Journal of Pharmaceutical Education & Research 1, 13–36.
Sharifi MR, Shams M, Dastar B, Hosseini S (2011) The effect of dietary protein and synbiotic on performance parameters, blood characteristics and carcass yields of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Italian Journal of Animal Science 10, 17–21.
| The effect of dietary protein and synbiotic on performance parameters, blood characteristics and carcass yields of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Singh SK, Sahu SP, Kumar P (2018) Influence of supplementation of feed additives on carcass characteristics, mortality and economics of broiler production. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, 4810–4817.
| Influence of supplementation of feed additives on carcass characteristics, mortality and economics of broiler production.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sultan A, Ullah T, Khan S, Khan RU (2015) Effect of organic acid supplementation on the performance and ileal microflora of broiler during finishing period. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 47, 635–639.
Suvarna SK, Layton C, Bancroft JD (2013) ‘Bancroft’s theory and practice of histological techniques.’ 7th edn. (Churchill Livingstone Elsevier: Oxford, UK)
Tufan T, Bolacali M (2017) Effects of dietary addition of synbiotic on the performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 46, 805–813.
| Effects of dietary addition of synbiotic on the performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van den Borne JJGC, Heetkamp MJW, Buyse J, Niewold TA (2015) Fat coating of Ca butyrate results in extended butyrate release in extended butyrate release in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Livestock Science 175, 96–100.
| Fat coating of Ca butyrate results in extended butyrate release in extended butyrate release in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Velasco S, Ortiz LT, Alzueta C, Rebole A, Trevio J, Rodriguez ML (2010) Effect of inulin supplementation and dietary fat source on performance, blood serum metabolites, liver lipids, abdominal fat deposition, and tissue fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 89, 1651–1662.
| Effect of inulin supplementation and dietary fat source on performance, blood serum metabolites, liver lipids, abdominal fat deposition, and tissue fatty acid composition in broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Waguespack Levy A, Kessler JW, Fuller L, Williams S, Mathis GF, Lumpkins B, Valdez F (2015) Effect of feeding an encapsulated source of butyric acid (ButiPEARL) on the performance of male Cobb broilers reared to 42 d of age. Poultry Science 94, 1864–1870.
| Effect of feeding an encapsulated source of butyric acid (ButiPEARL) on the performance of male Cobb broilers reared to 42 d of age.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yamauchi K, Incharoen T, Yamauchi K (2010) The relationship between intestinal histology and function as shown by compensatory enlargement of remnant villi after midgut resection in chickens. The Anatomical Record 293, 2071–2079.
| The relationship between intestinal histology and function as shown by compensatory enlargement of remnant villi after midgut resection in chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
