Reproductive technologies for the future: a role for epigenetics
Caroline G. Walker A and Murray D. Mitchell B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A DairyNZ Ltd, Hamilton 3286, New Zealand.
B UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: murray.mitchell@uq.edu.au
Animal Production Science 53(9) 954-964 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN12267
Submitted: 2 August 2012 Accepted: 24 February 2013 Published: 24 April 2013
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, regulate gene expression and, subsequently, phenotype, without changing the underlying DNA sequence. It is well established that the environment and nutrition can regulate methylation and, therefore, modify phenotype. In this review, regulation of DNA methylation and in particular, the influence of B-vitamin on one-carbon metabolism is outlined, and how deficiency or supplementation with B-vitamins, such as folate, can influence disease. Evidence is provided for the roles of B-vitamin in regulating reproduction and how deficiency of B-vitamin may be impacting dairy cattle fertility. Results from our laboratory provide evidence for an association between DNA methylation and gene expression in the endometrium during early pregnancy. It is, therefore, hypothesised that DNA methylation may regulate the uterine response to the embryo during early pregnancy and that aberrant DNA methylation during this time may jeopardise pregnancy success. Further research is required to establish if B-vitamin supplementation can improve reproductive success and if this effect is via changes to DNA methylation and gene expression in the endometrium, or via positive effects on oocyte and embryo development.
Additional keywords: dairy cows, DNA methylation, endometrium, fertility, one-carbon metabolism.
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