A new cactus variety for dairy cows in areas infested with Dactylopius opuntiae
C. C. F. Monteiro A B D , M. A. Ferreira A , A. S. C. Véras A , S. I. Guido C , M. P. Almeida A , R. C. Silva A and J. G. Inácio A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Manoel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 52171-900.
B BR 316, km 87,5 – Bebedouro, Santana do Ipanema, Alagoas, Brazil, 57500-000.
C General San Martin Avenue, 1371, Bongi, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 50761-000.
D Corresponding author. Email: monteirocarolinac@gmail.com
Animal Production Science 59(3) 479-485 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17256
Submitted: 26 April 2017 Accepted: 22 December 2017 Published: 28 March 2018
Abstract
Spineless cactus is an important part of dairy cow diet in the semiarid Brazilia. Severe infestation of cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell) destroyed a vast area of the most common species of cactus planted in the region; Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. resistant varieties with superior agronomic performance were recently selected, but they still need to be tested with dairy cows. We evaluated the use of a resistant variety, ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM, Opuntia spp.), in dairy cow diet. We tested its effect on intake, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein, blood parameters and performance of lactating cows. Ten cows with an average milk yield of 20 kg/day were assigned to an experiment using a double 5 × 5 Latin square design. The experimental diets consisted of five replacement levels of Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck cv. (‘Miúda’) by ‘OEM’ (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) on a dry-matter (DM) basis) and were formulated considering the ingredient composition. The roughage : concentrate ratio was 70 : 30 on a DM basis. The replacement of ‘Miúda’ by OEM did not change the intake (kg/day) of DM (18.0), organic matter (16.3), crude protein (CP, 2.8), total digestible nutrients (11.6), non-fibre carbohydrates (7.6) and neutral detergent fibre (5.7), or the apparent digestibility (g/kg) of DM (655), organic matter (694), CP (739) and non-fibre carbohydrates (950), whereas apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre increased linearly. Microbial protein production (1.5 g/day), microbial protein efficiency (129.2 g CP/kg total digestible nutrients), plasma urea nitrogen (21.4 mg/dL), nitrogen balance (123 g/day), feed efficiency (1.1), nitrogen efficiency (0.2), milk production (20.0 kg/day), fat-corrected milk production (20.1 kg/day) and milk composition were not influenced by the replacement. Therefore, we recommend the use of OEM in the diet of lactating cows with an average milk yield of 20 kg/day.
Additional keywords: cochineal carmine, milk yield, semiarid, sustainability.
References
Acharya IP, Schingothe DJ, Kalscheur KF, Casper DP (2015) Response of lactating dairy cows to dietary protein from canola meal or distillers’ grains on dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and amino acid status. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 95, 267–279.| Response of lactating dairy cows to dietary protein from canola meal or distillers’ grains on dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, and amino acid status.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsFejur7M&md5=825b63a573451528dcdfdf304b25067aCAS |
AOAC (2000) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ (Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Arlington, VA)
Araújo PRB, Ferreira MA, Brasil LHA, Santos DC, Lima RMB, Véras ASC, Santos MVF, Bispo SV, Azevedo M (2004) Substituição de milho por palma forrageira em dietas completas para vacas em lactação. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 33, 1850–1857.
| Substituição de milho por palma forrageira em dietas completas para vacas em lactação.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Broderick GA (2003) Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1370–1381.
| Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjtVajtLc%3D&md5=519b69356d2c551fa6503887cc38793aCAS |
Chen XB, Gomes MJ (1992) ‘Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives: an overview of technical details.’ Occasional publication. (International Feed Research Unit, Rowett Research Institute: Aberdeen, UK)
Chizzotti ML, Valadares Filho SC, Valadares RFD, Chizzotti FHM, Tedeschi LO (2008) Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle. Livestock Science 113, 218–225.
| Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cochran RC, Adams DC, Wallace JD, Galyean ML (1986) Predicting digestibility of different diets with internal markers: evaluation of four potential markers. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1476–1483.
| Predicting digestibility of different diets with internal markers: evaluation of four potential markers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ferreira MA, Valadares Filho SC, Marcondes MI, Paixão ML, Paulino MF, Valadares RFD (2009a) Avaliação de indicadores em estudos com ruminantes: digestibilidade. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, 1568–1573.
| Avaliação de indicadores em estudos com ruminantes: digestibilidade.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ferreira MA, Silva MF, Bispo SV, Azevedo M (2009b) Estratégia na suplementação de vacas leiteiras no semiárido do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, 322–329.
| Estratégia na suplementação de vacas leiteiras no semiárido do Brasil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | [Suplemento especial].
Figueiroa FJ, Marchi FE, Santos GT, Santos WBR, Kazana DCD, Leite LC, Branco AF, Damasceno JC (2013) Production, composition and fatty acid profile of milk and butter texture of dairy cows fed ground or pelleted concentrate with sunflower and/or lignosulfonate. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 42, 743–750.
González FD, Muino R, Pereira V, Campos R, José Luis Benedito JL (2011) Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Science (Suwon-si, Korea) 12, 251–255.
| Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
González-Ronquillo M, Balcells J, Guada JA, Vicente F (2003) Purine derivative excretion in dairy cows: endogenous excretion and the effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1282–1291.
| Purine derivative excretion in dairy cows: endogenous excretion and the effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hall MB (2001) Recentes avanços em carboidratos não-fibrosos na nutrição de vacas leiteiras. In ‘Simpósio internacional de bovinocultura de leite: novos conceitos em nutriçäo, 2, 2001, anais’, Lavras, Brazil. pp. 149–159. (Universidade Federal de Lavras: Lavras, Brazil)
Huhtanen P, Kaustell K, Jaakkola S (1994) The use of internal markers to predict total digestibility and duodenal flow of nutrients in cattle given six different diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 48, 211–227.
| The use of internal markers to predict total digestibility and duodenal flow of nutrients in cattle given six different diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Instituto de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) (2014) Available at http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/pesquisas/ppm/default.asp?o=28&i=P [Verified 15 June 2016]
International Dairy Federation (IDF) (1996) Whole milk. Determination of milkfat, protein and lactose content. In ‘Guide for the operation of mid-infra-red instruments’. (IDF: Brussels)
Jonker JS, Kohn RA, Erdman RA (1999) Milk urea nitrogen target concentrations for lactating dairy cows fed according to national research council recommendations. Journal of Animal Science 82, 1261–1273.
Licitra G, Hernandez TM, Van Soest PJ (1996) Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57, 347–358.
| Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lima RMB, Ferreira MA, Brasil LHA, Araújo PRB, Véras ASC, Santos DC, Cruz MAOM, Melo AAS, Oliveira TN, Souza IS (2003) Substituição do milho por palma forrageira: comportamento ingestivo de vacas mestiças em lactação. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 25, 347–353.
Lima MLP, Simili FF, Medeiros MIM, Neto GB, Ribeiro EG, Paz CCP (2014) Performance and rumen parameters of crossbred dairy cows fed two sugarcane varieties combined or not with soybean hulls. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 43, 654–661.
| Performance and rumen parameters of crossbred dairy cows fed two sugarcane varieties combined or not with soybean hulls.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lins SEB, Pessoa RAD, Ferreira MA, Campos JMS, Silva JABA, Silva JL, Santos SA, Melo TTB (2016) Spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in sugar cane-based diet for sheeps: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 45, 26–31.
| Spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in sugar cane-based diet for sheeps: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lira MA, Santos DC, Silva MC (2011) Genética e melhoramento da palma forrageira. In ‘Congresso Brasileiro de palma e outras cactáceas, 2, Anais’, Garanhuns, Brazil, 2011. (Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco: Garanhuns, Brazil)
Monteiro CCF, Melo AAS, Ferreira MA, Campos JMS, Souza JSR, Silva ETS, Andrade RP, Silva EC (2014) Replacement of wheat bran with spineless cactus (Opuntia fícus indica Mill cv Gigante) and urea in the diets of Holstein × Gyr heifers. Tropical Animal Health and Production 46, 1149–1154.
| Replacement of wheat bran with spineless cactus (Opuntia fícus indica Mill cv Gigante) and urea in the diets of Holstein × Gyr heifers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Moraes ACA (2012) Valor nutritivo de diferentes variedades de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha do carmim. MSc. Thesis, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
National Research Council (NRC) (1989) ‘Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle.’ (NRC: Washington, DC)
National Research Council (NRC) (2001) ‘Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle.’ (NRC: Washington, DC)
Nocek JE (1988) In situ and others methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science 71, 2051–2069.
| In situ and others methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlsVGnt7k%3D&md5=1f3186064ac56cda040437500f67f2e5CAS |
Oliveira MC, Campos JMS, Oliveira AS, Ferreira MA, Melo AAS (2016) Benchmarks for milk production systems in the Pernambuco Agreste region, northeasthern Brazil. Revista Caatinga 29, 725–734.
| Benchmarks for milk production systems in the Pernambuco Agreste region, northeasthern Brazil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pereira JS, Jr (2007) ‘Nova delimitação do semi árido brasileiro. Biblioteca digital da câmara dos deputados.’ Available at http://bd.camara.leg.br/bd/bitstream/handle/bdcamara/1604/nova_delimitacao_jose_pereira.pdf?sequence=3 [Verified 6 July 2016]
Piccioli-Cappelli F, Loor JJ, Seal CJ, Minuti A, Trevisi E (2014) Effect of dietary starch level and high rumen-undegradable protein on endocrine-metabolic status, milk yield, and milk composition in dairy cows during early and late lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 7788–7803.
| Effect of dietary starch level and high rumen-undegradable protein on endocrine-metabolic status, milk yield, and milk composition in dairy cows during early and late lactation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhvVGitrvI&md5=b117af1dbae3a235c59047e645540827CAS |
Pinheiro KM, Silva TGF, Carvalho HFS, Santos JEO, Morais JEF, Zolnier S, Santos DC (2014) Correlações do índice de área de cladódio com características morfogênicas e produtivas de palma forrageira. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 49, 939–947.
| Correlações do índice de área de cladódio com características morfogênicas e produtivas de palma forrageira.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rocha Filho RR (2012) Palma gigante e genótipos resistentes à cochonilha do carmim em dietas para ruminantes. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil.
SAS Institute (2009) ‘SAS/STAT: user’s guide. Version 9.2.’ (SAS Institute: Cary, NC)
Sklan D, Ashkenazi R, Braun A, Devorin A, Tabori K (1992) Fatty acids, calcium soaps of fatty acids and cottonseeds fed to high yielding cows. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2463–2472.
| Fatty acids, calcium soaps of fatty acids and cottonseeds fed to high yielding cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlvVKnsQ%3D%3D&md5=627e7cba80b94b8b9ca40942cc164938CAS |
Valadares Filho SC, Valadares RDF (2001) Recentes avanços em proteína na nutrição de vacas leiteiras. In ‘II simleite: Simpósio internacional: novos conceitos em nutriçäo’. Anais. Lavras, Brazil. pp. 229–247.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.
| Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FnvVCltA%3D%3D&md5=1bbe217b400e9f7fff04f7f3e179f03aCAS |
Vasconcelos AGV, Lira MA, Cavalcanti VLB, Santos MVF, Willadino L (2009) Seleção de clones de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha-do-carmim (Dactylopius sp). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, 827–831.
| Seleção de clones de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha-do-carmim (Dactylopius sp).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vasconcelos AM, Leão MI, Valadares Filho SC, Valadares RFD, Dias M, Morais DAEF (2010) Parâmetros ruminais balanço de compostos nitrogenados e produção microbiana de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com soja e seus subprodutos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, 425–433.
| Parâmetros ruminais balanço de compostos nitrogenados e produção microbiana de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com soja e seus subprodutos.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Verbic J, Chen XB, Macleod NA, Orskov ER (1990) Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusion on purine derivative excretion by steers. Journal of Agricuture Science 114, 243–248.
Weiss WP (1999) Energy prediction equations for ruminant feeds In ‘Proceedings of the 61st Cornell nutrition conference for feed manufacturers’, Rochester, NY. pp. 176–185. (New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: Ithaca, NY)
