Methods to assess fire-induced tree mortality: review of fire behaviour proxy and real fire experiments

Alistair M. S. Smith; Raquel Partelli-Feltrin; Aaron M. Sparks; James G. Moberly; Henry D. Adams; Dylan W. Schwilk; Wade T. Tinkham; John R. Kok; David R. Wilson; Alex Thompson; Andrew T. Hudak; Chad M. Hoffman; James A. Lutz; Alexander S. Blanco; Mark A. Cochrane; Robert L. Kremens; Joseph Dahlen; Grant L. Harley; Scott W. Rainsford; Li Huang; Douglas D. Hardman; Luigi Boschetti; Daniel M. Johnson

doi:10.1071/WF24136

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Previous Next Contents Vol 34(1)

Methods to assess fire-induced tree mortality: review of fire behaviour proxy and real fire experiments

Alistair M. S. Smith ^A ^B ^* , Raquel Partelli-Feltrin

^C , Aaron M. Sparks ^B , James G. Moberly ^D , Henry D. Adams ^E , Dylan W. Schwilk ^F , Wade T. Tinkham

^G , John R. Kok ^H , David R. Wilson ^I , Alex Thompson ^J , Andrew T. Hudak ^K , Chad M. Hoffman ^L , James A. Lutz ^M , Alexander S. Blanco ^A , Mark A. Cochrane ^N , Robert L. Kremens ^O , Joseph Dahlen ^P , Grant L. Harley ^A , Scott W. Rainsford ^A , Li Huang ^A , Douglas D. Hardman ^A , Luigi Boschetti ^B and Daniel M. Johnson ^P

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Department of Earth and Spatial Sciences, College of Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. Email: gharley@uidaho.edu, ablanco@uidaho.edu, dhardman@uidaho.edu, lhuang@uidaho.edu, camp6674@vandals.uidaho.edu

^B Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. Email: asparks@uidaho.edu, luigi@udaho.edu

^C Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Email: rakelrpf@gmail.com

^D Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. Email: jgmoberly@uidaho.edu

^E School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. Email: henry.adams@wsu.edu

^F Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA. Email: dylan.schwilk@ttu.edu

^G United States Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA. Email: wade.tinkham@usda.gov

^H Technical and Industrial Division, Lewis Clark State College, Lewiston, ID 83501, USA. Email: jrkok@lcsc.edu

^I Moscow High School, Moscow, ID 83843, USA. Email: drwilson14goalie@gmail.com

^J School of Natural Sciences, University of California: Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Email: robertthompson@ucmerced.edu

^K United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID 83843, USA. Email: andrew.hudak@usda.gov

^L Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Email: c.hoffman@colostate.edu

^M Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA. Email: james.a.lutz@gmail.com

^N Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA. Email: mark.cochrane@umces.edu

^O Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA. Email: kremens@cis.rit.edu

^P Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Email: jdahlen@uga.edu, danjohnson@uga.edu

^* Correspondence to: alistair@uidaho.edu

International Journal of Wildland Fire 34, WF24136 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24136

Submitted: 15 August 2024 Accepted: 11 December 2024 Published: 7 January 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Background

The increased interest in why and how trees die from fire has led to several syntheses of the potential mechanisms of fire-induced tree mortality. However, these generally neglect to consider experimental methods used to simulate fire behaviour conditions.

Aims

To describe, evaluate the appropriateness of and provide a historical timeline of the different approaches that have been used to simulate fire behaviour in fire-induced tree mortality studies.

Methods

We conducted a historical review of the different actual and fire proxy methods that have been used to further our understanding of fire-induced tree mortality.

Key results

Most studies that assess the mechanisms of fire-induced tree mortality in laboratory settings make use of fire proxies instead of real fires and use cut branches instead of live plants.

Implications

Further research should assess mechanisms of fire-induced tree mortality using live plants in paired combustion laboratory and landscape fire experiments.

Keywords: behaviour, cambium, fire-induced mortality, intensity, phloem, physiology, severity, tree mortality, xylem.

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