Effect of fire prevention programs on accidental and incendiary wildfires on tribal lands in the United States
Karen L. Abt A D , David T. Butry B , Jeffrey P. Prestemon A and Samuel Scranton CA USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, PO Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
B National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
C Bureau of Indian Affairs – National Interagency Fire Center, 3833 South Development Avenue, Boise, ID 83705, USA.
D Corresponding author. Email: kabt@fs.fed.us
International Journal of Wildland Fire 24(6) 749-762 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF14168
Submitted: 16 September 2014 Accepted: 16 March 2015 Published: 4 June 2015
Abstract
Humans cause more than 55% of wildfires on lands managed by the USDA Forest Service and US Department of the Interior, contributing to both suppression expenditures and damages. One means to reduce the expenditures and damages associated with these wildfires is through fire prevention activities, which can include burn permits, public service programs or announcements, outreach efforts to schools, youth groups and equipment operators, and law enforcement. Using data from 17 US Bureau of Indian Affairs tribal units, we modelled the effect of prevention programs and law enforcement on the number of human-caused ignitions. We also included weather and lagged burned area in our estimation of fixed-effects count models. The results show that prevention activities led to significant reductions in wildfires caused by escaped campfires, juveniles, fire-use (e.g. escaped debris burns) and equipment. Increased law enforcement resulted in fewer incendiary- and equipment-caused wildfires. Using average suppression expenditures by wildfire and our estimate of avoided wildfires per additional year of prevention, we estimate partial benefit–cost ratios of greater than 4.5 for all Bureau of Indian Affairs regions for the continuation of the prevention program.
Additional keywords: arson wildfires, instrumental variables methods, intervention analysis, law enforcement, wildfire suppression.
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