Relationships between nitrogen removal processes and functional microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil in a horizontal surface flow constructed wetland
Yinuo Zhu A B , Jing Li A B C , Zhangjie Cai A B , Wei Li A B , Yinru Lei A B , Manyin Zhang A B and Lijuan Cui A B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Xianshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, PR China.
B Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Muyan Road, Shunyi District, Beijing, 101399, PR China.
C Corresponding authors. Email: jingli_2015@caf.ac.cn; lkyclj@126.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 70(11) 1603-1610 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19033
Submitted: 1 February 2019 Accepted: 30 April 2019 Published: 1 August 2019
Abstract
Plant species could significantly affect the nitrogen removal processes mediated by microorganisms in constructed wetlands. However, the links between nitrogen removal processes in the rhizosphere and the related functional microorganisms in a horizontal surface flow constructed wetland in winter remain poorly understood. In this study we collected 24 rhizosphere soils from Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis to evaluate potential nitrogen removal activities, namely the potential nitrification rate (PNR) and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), and their relationship with functional genes (i.e. nitrate reductase, nirS, and ammonia mono-oxygenase, amoA, of ammonia-oxidising archaea, AOA, and ammonia-oxidising bacteria, AOB) in denitrifiers and nitrifiers in winter. DEA and PNR were significantly higher in the rhizosphere soil of T. orientalis than P. australis, which was due to the higher abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the rhizosphere of T. orientalis. AOB were the major predictor of PNR in rhizosphere soil of T. orientalis, whereas AOA were more important for P. australis. In addition, denitrifiers containing the nirS gene were found to be the main drivers of DEA, and AOA and AOB also contributed to the denitrification process in the rhizosphere soil of both plants. Furthermore, the abundance of nitrifiers was significantly affected by the C : N ratio, soil organic matter and moisture, whereas the abundance of denitrifiers was affected by soil moisture and pH.
Additional keywords: denitrifiers, nitrifiers.
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