Photobiology of the zoanthid Zoanthus sociatus in intertidal and subtidal habitats
Miguel C. Leal A F , Igor C. S. Cruz B , Carlos R. Mendes C , Ricardo Calado A , Ruy K. P. Kikuchi D , Rui Rosa E , Amadeu M. V. M. Soares A , João Serôdio A and Rui J. M. Rocha A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, PT-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
B Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
C Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália, quilômetro 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
D Departamento de Oceanografia Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) and INCT AmbTropic, Salvador, Brazil.
E MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, PT-2750-374 Cascais, Portugal.
F Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. Email: miguelcleal@gmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(12) 1991-1997 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15300
Submitted: 14 January 2015 Accepted: 15 September 2015 Published: 10 December 2015
Abstract
Intertidal environments are boundaries between marine and terrestrial ecosystems that are subject to rapid fluctuations across tidal cycles. This study investigates, for the first time, the photobiology of symbiotic zoanthids inhabiting different tidal environments: subtidal, intertidal pools and intertidal areas exposed to air during low tide. More specifically, we assessed the photochemical efficiency, Symbiodinium density and photosynthetic pigments profile of Zoanthus sociatus during low tide. Photochemical efficiency was lower and cell density higher in air exposed zoanthids. The profile of photosynthetic pigments also varied significantly among tidal habitats, particularly photoprotective pigments such as dinoxanthin and diadinoxanthin. Differences were also observed for the pigment content per cell, but the proportion of particular pigments (peridinin/chlorophyll-a and diatoxanthin+diadinoxanthin/chlorophyll-a) remained stable. Results suggest that aerial exposure conditions induce reversible downregulation of photochemical processes but no photophysiological impairment or bleaching. These findings provide a baseline for future studies addressing the prevalence of these overlooked cnidarians in environmentally dynamic reef flats.
Additional keywords: aerial exposure, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, Symbiodinium, tidal pool.
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