Geographic distribution of the short-tailed river stingray (Potamotrygon brachyura): assessing habitat loss and fishing as threats to the world’s largest obligate freshwater elasmobranch
Luis O. Lucifora A H , Santiago A. Barbini B , Sabina Llamazares Vegh C , Pablo A. Scarabotti D , Facundo Vargas E , Agustín Solari A F , Ezequiel Mabragaña G and Juan M. Díaz de Astarloa GA Instituto de Biología Subtropical – Iguazú, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Casilla de Correo 9, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, N3370AVQ, Argentina.
B Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, B7602YAL, Argentina.
C Dirección de Pesca Continental, Dirección Nacional de Planificación Pesquera, Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura, Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca, Alférez Pareja 125, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1107, Argentina.
D Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, S3001XAI, Argentina.
E Departamento Fauna y Pesca, Dirección de Fauna y Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Remedios de Escalada 46, Resistencia, Chaco, H3500BPB, Argentina.
F Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico, Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, N3370BFA, Argentina.
G Laboratorio de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET, UNMdP, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, B7602YAL, Argentina.
H Corresponding author. Email: luis.lucifora@conicet.gov.ar
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(10) 1463-1478 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15003
Submitted: 5 January 2015 Accepted: 9 April 2015 Published: 28 September 2015
Abstract
Freshwater elasmobranchs are threatened but little is known about them. Potamotrygon brachyura is the world’s largest obligate freshwater elasmobranch. This makes it popular among fishermen and suggests a susceptibility to anthropogenic threats. We collected records of P. brachyura (n = 70) from media, fishermen and scientific sampling, to estimate its global geographic distribution (using both generalised additive and MaxLike models). Then, we estimated the species’ exposure to habitat modification and fishing pressure, by applying multinomial ordinal models with threat levels as response and the presence or absence of P. brachyura as an independent variable. Distance to coast, depth, water temperature range, salinity range and mean water temperature were the main determinants of the distribution in the Río de la Plata. This resulted in a narrow coastal distribution. In the Uruguay and Paraná River basins, the probability of occurrence was positively associated with flow accumulation, percentage of open water and submerged vegetation, and lowland ecoregions, and negatively to wetness index and altitude. This limited the distribution to large lowland rivers. Approximately 41% of the range of P. brachyura in the Río de la Plata was subject to high habitat modification. In the Uruguay and Paraná River basins, this percentage reached 7%; however, the overlap with high fishing pressure was 59%. For conservation purposes, P. brachyura may function as an umbrella species.
Additional keywords: Chondrichthyes, Pantanal, Paraná River, Río de la Plata basin, South America, species distribution modelling, wetlands.
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