The future of faecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal illness
Hayley Reed A B C and Jakob Begun A B DA Mater Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane, Qld, Australia
B Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Qld, Australia
C Email: hayley.reed1@uq.net.au
D Email: jakob.begun@mater.uq.edu.au
Microbiology Australia 41(2) 70-74 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA20027
Published: 19 May 2020
Abstract
The gut microbiome is made up of hundreds of trillions of microorganisms that reside in a state of homeostatic balance within the healthy individual. Next generation sequencing has provided insight into the diversity of these microorganisms that reside within our gastrointestinal tract; despite developments in metabolomics and culturing techniques, the functions of many of these bacteria remain largely elusive. As such, research into the capacity of the gut microbiome to regulate immune homeostasis has revealed the importance of bacteria in human health, with the potential for exploiting these bacteria only now coming into focus.
References
[1] Human Microbiome Project (2012) Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 486, 207–214.| Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22699609PubMed |
[2] Boursier, J. et al. (2016) The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Hepatology 63, 764–775.
| The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26600078PubMed |
[3] Lloyd-Price, J. et al. (2019) Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases. Nature 569, 655–662.
| Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31142855PubMed |
[4] Zhai, R. et al. (2019) Strain-specific anti-inflammatory properties of two Akkermansia muciniphila strains on chronic colitis in mice. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 9, 239.
| Strain-specific anti-inflammatory properties of two Akkermansia muciniphila strains on chronic colitis in mice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31334133PubMed |
[5] Kao, D. et al. (2017) Effect of oral capsule- vs colonoscopy-delivered fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318, 1985–1993.
| Effect of oral capsule- vs colonoscopy-delivered fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized clinical trial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29183074PubMed |
[6] Vaughn, B.P. et al. (2016) Increased intestinal microbial diversity following fecal microbiota transplant for active Crohn’s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 22, 2182–2190.
| Increased intestinal microbial diversity following fecal microbiota transplant for active Crohn’s disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27542133PubMed |
[7] Paramsothy, S. et al. (2017) Faecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Crohns Colitis 11, 1180–1199.
| Faecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28486648PubMed |
[8] Haifer, C. et al. (2020) Australian consensus statements for the regulation, production and use of faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut , .
| Australian consensus statements for the regulation, production and use of faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32047093PubMed |
[9] Britton, R.A. and Young, V.B. (2014) Role of the intestinal microbiota in resistance to colonization by Clostridium difficile. Gastroenterology 146, 1547–1553.
| Role of the intestinal microbiota in resistance to colonization by Clostridium difficile.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24503131PubMed |
[10] GBD 2017 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborators (2020) The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , .
| The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32416863PubMed |
[11] Baumgart, D.C. and Carding, S.R. (2007) Inflammatory bowel disease: cause and immunobiology. Lancet 369, 1627–1640.
| Inflammatory bowel disease: cause and immunobiology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17499605PubMed |
[12] Roda, G. et al. (2016) Loss of response to anti-TNFs: definition, epidemiology, and management. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol. 7, e135.
| Loss of response to anti-TNFs: definition, epidemiology, and management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26938479PubMed |
[13] Gevers, D. et al. (2014) The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn’s disease. Cell Host Microbe 15, 382–392.
| The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn’s disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24629344PubMed |
[14] Palmela, C. et al. (2018) Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 67, 574–587.
| Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29141957PubMed |
[15] Zamani, S. et al. (2017) Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and associated risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in Iranian patients. Gut Pathog. 9, 1.
| Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and associated risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in Iranian patients.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28053669PubMed |
[16] Lavelle, A. and Sokol, H. (2020) Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , .
| Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32076145PubMed |
[17] Franzosa, E.A. et al. (2019) Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Microbiol. 4, 293–305.
| Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30531976PubMed |
[18] Vavricka, S.R. et al. (2015) Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 21, 1982–1992.
| Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26154136PubMed |
[19] Costello, S.P. et al. (2019) Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on 8-week remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 321, 156–164.
| Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on 8-week remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized clinical trial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30644982PubMed |
[20] Pai, N. and Popov, J. (2017) Protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study for assessing feasibility and efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation in a paediatric ulcerative colitis population: PediFETCh trial. BMJ Open 7, e016698.
| Protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study for assessing feasibility and efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation in a paediatric ulcerative colitis population: PediFETCh trial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29101138PubMed |
[21] Paramsothy, S. et al. (2017) Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 389, 1218–1228.
| Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28214091PubMed |
[22] Rossen, N. G. et al. (2015) Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 149, 110–118.e4.
| Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25836986PubMed |
[23] Paramsothy, S. et al. (2019) Specific bacteria and metabolites associated with response to fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 156, 1440–1454.e2.
| Specific bacteria and metabolites associated with response to fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30529583PubMed |
[24] Zmora, N. et al. (2018) Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features. Cell 174, 1388–1405.e21.
| Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30193112PubMed |
[25] Ianiro, G. et al. (2019) Systematic review with meta-analysis: efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 50, 240–248.
| Systematic review with meta-analysis: efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31136009PubMed |
[26] Michail, S. et al. (2015) Altered gut microbial energy and metabolism in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 91, 1–9.
| Altered gut microbial energy and metabolism in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25764541PubMed |
[27] Qin, N. et al. (2014) Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis. Nature 513, 59–64.
| Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25079328PubMed |
[28] Kirpich, I.A. et al. (2008) Probiotics restore bowel flora and improve liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury: a pilot study. Alcohol 42, 675–682.
| Probiotics restore bowel flora and improve liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury: a pilot study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19038698PubMed |
[29] Yu, L.X. and Schwabe, R.F. (2017) The gut microbiome and liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical translation. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 527–539.
| The gut microbiome and liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical translation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28676707PubMed |
[30] Bajaj, J.S. et al. (2017) Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial. Hepatology 66, 1727–1738.
| Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28586116PubMed |
[31] Sokol, H. et al. (2008) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 16731–16736.
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18936492PubMed |
[32] Mazmanian, S.K. et al. (2008) A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease. Nature 453, 620–625.
| A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18509436PubMed |
[33] Simmons, S. et al. (2018) Engraftment of Ser-287, an investigational microbiome therapeutic, is related to clinical remission in a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial (Seres-101) in patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). Gastroenterology 154, S1371–S1372.
| Engraftment of Ser-287, an investigational microbiome therapeutic, is related to clinical remission in a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial (Seres-101) in patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[34] Blount, K.F. et al. (2019) Restoration of bacterial microbiome composition and diversity among treatment responders in a phase 2 trial of RBX2660: an investigational microbiome restoration therapeutic. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 6, ofz095.
| Restoration of bacterial microbiome composition and diversity among treatment responders in a phase 2 trial of RBX2660: an investigational microbiome restoration therapeutic.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31024971PubMed |