Instant taxonomy: choosing adequate characters for species delimitation and description through congruence between molecular data and quantitative shape analysis
Tomislav Karanovic A B E * , Seunghan Lee C D * and Wonchoel Lee C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, General Studies Building, room 51311, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
B Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
C Department of Life Science, Laboratory of Biodiversity, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
D Biodiversity Research Institute, Marine Act Co., Seoul 04790, Republic of Korea.
E Corresponding author. Email: Tomislav.Karanovic@utas.edu.au
Invertebrate Systematics 32(3) 551-580 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17002
Submitted: 8 January 2017 Accepted: 13 September 2017 Published: 4 May 2018
Abstract
The lack of university funding is one of the major impediments to taxonomy, partly because traditional taxonomic training takes longer than a PhD course. Understanding ranges of phenotypic variability for different morphological structures, and their use as characters for delimitation and description of taxa, is a tedious task. We argue that the advent of molecular barcoding and quantitative shape analysis makes it unnecessary. As an example, we tackle a problematic species-complex of marine copepods from Korea and Japan, approaching it as a starting taxonomist might. Samples were collected from 14 locations and the mitochondrial COI gene was sequenced from 42 specimens. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal four distinct clades in Korea and Japan, and an additional nine belonging to a closely related complex from other parts of the Northern Pacific. Twenty different morphological structures were analysed for one Japanese and two Korean clades using landmark-based two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Although there is no single morphological character that can distinguish with absolute certainty all three cryptic species, most show statistically significant interspecific differences in shape and size. We use five characters to describe two new species from Korea and to re-describe Tigriopus japonicus Mori, 1938 from near its type locality.
Additional keywords: barcoding, Copepoda, geometric morphometrics, Harpacticidae, integrative taxonomy.
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