Body doubles: an integrative taxonomic approach reveals new sibling species of land planarians
Silvana Vargas do Amaral A B , Giovana Gamino Ribeiro C , Victor Hugo Valiati B C and Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet A B D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Instituto de Pesquisas de Planárias, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
B Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
C Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
D Corresponding author. Email: zanchet@unisinos.br
Invertebrate Systematics 32(3) 533-550 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17046
Submitted: 26 April 2017 Accepted: 13 September 2017 Published: 4 May 2018
Abstract
Records of cryptic species have continued to emerge in the scientific literature, often revealed by the use of molecular phylogenetic analyses in an integrative taxonomic approach. This study addresses a group of four striped flatworms from the genus Pasipha Ogren & Kawakatsu, showing a pale median stripe on a dark dorsal surface. Based on morphological and molecular analyses from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), we establish that we are dealing with sibling species that are closely related to P. brevilineata Leal-Zanchet, Rossi & Alvarenga, 2012, a recently described species with a similar colour pattern. Thus, we describe three of the studied flatworms as new species and propose one new unconfirmed candidate species based on molecular data. In addition, sequence analysis revealed 40 nucleotide autapomorphies supporting the species studied herein. Considering anatomical and histological features, the three new species are differentiated from their congeners mainly by details of the copulatory apparatus, such as the occurrence of an epithelium of pseudostratified appearance lining the female atrium and the shape and position of the proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle.
Additional keywords: DNA barcoding, cryptic species, Geoplaninae, integrative taxonomy, land flatworms, phylogeny.
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