Mercury in an Australian sclerophyll Eucalyptus forest and emissions from fuel reduction prescribed burning

James R. Taylor; Larissa Schneider; Anne-Helene Fostier; Heather Keith; Fei Cao; Peter Davies; Geoffrey J. Cary; Simon G. Haberle; Susan Lawrence

doi:10.1071/EN24087

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Next Contents Vol 22(1)

Mercury in an Australian sclerophyll Eucalyptus forest and emissions from fuel reduction prescribed burning

James R. Taylor

^A ^B ^* , Larissa Schneider

^A , Anne-Helene Fostier

^C , Heather Keith

^D , Fei Cao ^E , Peter Davies ^F , Geoffrey J. Cary ^B , Simon G. Haberle ^A and Susan Lawrence ^F

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A School of Culture, History and Language, The Australian National University, Coombs Building 9, Fellows Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.

^B Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, B141 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.

^C Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Email: annehfostier@gmail.com

^D Climate Action Beacon, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia.

^E Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China. Email: caofei@tju.edu.cn

^F Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: james.taylor3@anu.edu.au

Handling Editor: Graeme Batley

Environmental Chemistry 22, EN24087 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN24087

Submitted: 24 September 2024 Accepted: 2 December 2024 Published: 13 January 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Environmental context

Understanding how mercury cycles through the environment is crucial for protecting ecosystems and human health. Our study is among the first to measure mercury concentrations in Eucalyptus forest soils and litter and estimate emissions from prescribed burns, addressing a significant gap in current knowledge. These new data enhance our understanding of mercury cycling in Australia and contribute to the global information on the biogeochemical cycle of mercury.

Rationale

Research on mercury in Australian soils and litter is sparse. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by investigating mercury pools in soil and litter in a eucalypt forest in Victoria, Australia.

Methodology

We analysed total mercury concentrations in O and A horizon soils, and twig, bark and leaf litter. Soil samples were collected from an area affected by a prescribed burn and unburned areas. Additionally, soil samples from the base of tree stems were taken in unburned areas. The organic matter content of all soil samples was also assessed.

Results

In unburned soils, mean mercury concentrations at the base of tree stems, in the O-horizon and A horizon were 143 ± 61, 112 ± 71 and 56 ± 30 ng g⁻¹ respectively. In burned soils, mean mercury concentrations in the O and A horizons were 91 ± 63 and 46 ± 19 ng g⁻¹ respectively. Mercury concentrations in leaf, bark and twig litter averaged 71 ± 11, 21 ± 13 and 8 ± 4 ng g⁻¹ respectively. The emission factor was estimated as 0.247 g Hg ha⁻¹.

Discussion

The studied sclerophyll forest represents a significant mercury reservoir. Burning did not significantly alter the mercury burden in soil; however, emissions of mercury from litter did occur. This finding underscores the need for more comprehensive research into mercury cycling in Australia and suggests that prescribed burning practices should account for potential mercury emissions.

Keywords: Australia, emissions, eucalypt, Hg, mercury, mobilisation, mycorrhizal, prescribed fire.

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