Effects of environments and cultivars on grain ionome of spring wheat grown in Kazakhstan and Russia
Alexey Morgounov
A * , Timur Savin B , Paulina Flis C , Adylkhan Babkenov D , Vladimir Chudinov E , Anastasiya Kazak F , Hamit Koksel G H , Ivan Likhenko I , Ram Sharma J , Tatyana Shelaeva D , Sergey Shepelev G , Ekaterina Shreyder K and Vladimir Shamanin G
A Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
B S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan 010011, Kazakhstan.
C Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK.
D Scientific-Production Center of Grain Farming named after A.I. Barayev, Shortandy, Kazakhstan.
E Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station, Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan.
F Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University, Tyumen, Russia.
G Omsk State Agrarian University, Omsk, Russia.
H Istiniye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
I Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
J International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
K Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Chebarkul, Chelyabinsk Region 456404, Russia.
Crop & Pasture Science 73(5) 515-527 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21493
Submitted: 30 June 2021 Accepted: 13 October 2021 Published: 14 February 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Kazakhstan–Siberian Network on Spring Wheat Improvement unites 18 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) research and breeding programs and presents opportunities to study genotype × environment interactions. Trial data from six locations in Kazakhstan and Russia in 2017–18 were used for grain ionomics analysis to evaluate the relative contributions of environment and genotype to variation in elemental composition and to formulate a methodology to enhance concentrations of important minerals in grain. The effect of year was least important to variation. For several elements (P, S, Cu, Mn and Mo), the effect of site was 2–3 times higher than the effect of genotype. The effects of genotype and site were similar for Ca, Mg, Fe, Cd and Sr concentration. Average broad-sense heritability across six sites in both years was: (for macroelements) Mg 0.59 > Ca 0.50 > K 0.44 > P 0.30 > S 0.20; and (for microelements) Zn 0.44 > Mn 0.41 > Cu 0.40 > Fe 0.38. Biplot analysis grouped the traits into five clusters: (1) concentrations of Co, Cu, Mo and Sr; (2) concentrations of Mg, P and Zn; (3) concentrations of K and Ni; (4) protein content, concentrations of Cd, Fe, Mn and S; and (5) grain yield, concentrations of Ca and Rb. These associations reflect regional soil and environment variation independent of genotype. Protein content had positive and significant genotypic correlations with Mg (0.57), P (0.60), S (0.68), Fe (0.64), Cu (0.50), Mn (0.50) and Zn (0.53). A combination of high grain yield, relatively high protein content, and high concentrations of P, S, Mn, Cu and Zn (singly or combined) was identified in the genotypes Element-22 (check cultivar), Lutescens-3-04-21-11, and Silach. The study contributes to research and cultivar development to improve the nutritional profile of grain for consumers.
Keywords: biofortification, breeding, cereals, metals concentration, nutritional quality, safety.
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