The first azulenyl squaraine dye was reported in 1966, but little activity in the scientific literature has given the impression that they remain unexplored. However, much has been recorded in the patent literature and it is the purpose of this review to bring this record to the attention of researchers.

The present review summarises the latest developments on the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of biologically relevant N-heterocycles at ambient temperature.

The photocatalytic reaction of prepared Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄ composite materials followed a direct solid-state Z-scheme mechanism, which facilitated charge transfer and effectively reduces the recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes, resulting in an enhanced photodegradation efficiency under visible light irradiation.

Bifunctional magnetic–luminescent Fe₃O₄@Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺, Li⁺ composite particles were prepared with Y₂O₃ co-doped with Eu³⁺ and Li⁺ ions as a shell to enhance their luminescence intensity and saturation magnetisation through a urea homogeneous precipitation method.

Different adsorbents (Tenax TA, Porapak Q, and Hayesep Q, among others) were evaluated in a headspace dynamic system containing a mixture of insect semiochemicals. The results demonstrated that Porapak Q and Porapak Rxn RP were able to produce similar ratios of compounds to that of a standard solution with the highest recovery yields.

Unique self-assembled nanoparticles with sea urchin-like pointed edges were synthesized by a solvothermal approach. The high value of the apparent rate constant, k_app, is due to the unique morphology of the Co₃O₄ nanoparticles.

The fluorescence and Raman intensity of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-coated gold nanoparticle arrays with different particle sizes and interparticle distances were enhanced in comparison with pristine P3HT due to electromagnetic field enhancement based on localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The fluorescence and Raman signals of P3HT on gold nanoparticle arrays were gradually enhanced with increasing nanoparticle diameter/interparticle distance ratio.

A custom-designed liquid–liquid countercurrent chromatographic instrument (above left), based on the J-type centrifuge, in which at least one phase contains an ionic liquid, is capable of the separation of inorganic (above right), organic, or bio-based materials on the 0.1–10 g scale.

A polymer, β-MEA, was synthesised from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 3-chloro-2-methylpropene (MAC), epoxysuccinic acid (ESA), and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS). Its structure, molecular weight, thermal stability, inhibition performance, and mechanism were investigated. The results showed that β-MEA achieves better scale and corrosion inhibition efficiencies compared with poly(aspartic acid) (PASP).

A novel series of 3D Ln^III–Cu^I heterometallic coordination polymers {[Ln₂Cu₄I₃(ina)₇(DMA)₂]_n·nDMA were synthesised by a solvothermal reaction, comprising of inorganic Cu₄I₃ clusters linked by Ln₂(ina)₇(DMA) rod units. The luminescent properties of partial compounds have been investigated in detail.

A simple and sensitive fluorescence probe, based on a substituent coumarin as fluorophore and acrylate as recognition site, is able to selectively and quantifiably detect cysteine over other biothiols such as homocysteine and glutathione.