Maintaining separate maternal lines increases the value and applications of seed collections
Marlien M. van der Merwe
A * , Jason G. Bragg A B , Richard Dimon A C , Patrick S. Fahey A C , Patricia M. Hogbin A , Patricia Lu-Irving A , Allison A. Mertin A D , Maurizio Rossetto A C , Trevor C. Wilson A E and Jia-Yee Samantha Yap A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
B School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia.
C Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
D School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.
E Plant Discovery and Evolution, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
* Correspondence to: marlien.vandermerwe@botanicgardens.nsw.gov.au
Handling Editor: Catherine Offord
Australian Journal of Botany - https://doi.org/10.1071/BT22136
Submitted: 9 December 2022 Accepted: 6 July 2023 Published online: 3 August 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Context: Given the effort and resources that go into collecting and maintaining seed collections, it is crucial that we maximise their usefulness. Conservation, restoration and research rely heavily on good quality collections in order to establish new populations, create habitat, minimise extinction and address scientific questions.
Aims: Although seed viability, excellent metadata and genetic representativeness make for good quality collections, we provide 10 detailed reasons why the maintenance of separate maternal lines further increases the quality and usefulness of seed collections.
Key results: Maternal line seed collections can accommodate new information, this is especially important given the increasing longevity of seed collections. For example, maintaining separate maternal lines facilitates accommodation of taxonomic changes, minimises the impact of erroneous plant identifications, and facilitates separation of polyploid races, hybrids and inappropriate lineages. Separate maternal line collections also facilitate better estimates of the genetic diversity captured, and consequently better inform conservation translocations and the establishment of conservation gardens and seed orchards. Separate maternal line collections can also expedite breeding for specific traits, such as disease resistance or other selective challenges that impact on biodiversity conservation. New seed microbiome data show how only some maternal lines contain pathogenic fungi, reminding seed collectors and collections managers that contamination can be better contained by keeping each maternal line separate.
Conclusions and implications: Maintaining separate maternal lines is a simple and effective way to increase the value of seed collections for multiple applications.
Keywords: biodiversity, breeding, conservation collections, disease management, germplasm collections, hybridisation, inbreeding, kinship, restoration ecology, seed research, population genetics, taxonomy, translocations.
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