A handbook for the standardised sampling of plant functional traits in disturbance-prone ecosystems, with a focus on open ecosystems
B. J. Wigley
A B X , T. Charles-Dominique C , G. P. Hempson D , N. Stevens E F , M. TeBeest G H I , S. Archibald D , W. J. Bond J , K. Bunney K , C. Coetsee L B , J. Donaldson M , A. Fidelis N , X. Gao O , J. Gignoux C , C. Lehmann P Q , T. J. Massad R , J. J. Midgley J , M. Millan D F , D. Schwilk O , F. Siebert S , C. Solofondranohatra T U , A. C. Staver V , Y. Zhou V and L. M. Kruger W J
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
B School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela University, George, 6529, South Africa.
C CNRS UMR7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Paris, Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France.
D Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
E Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK.
F Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
G Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
H Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
I South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), Grasslands, Forests, Wetlands Node, Montrose, 3201, South Africa.
J Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa.
K Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.
L Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa.
M Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 049 Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
N Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Avenida 24-A 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil.
O Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
P Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH35NZ, UK.
Q School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.
R Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique.
S Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
T Laboratoire de Botanique, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Antananarivo BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar.
U Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Lot II J 131 B, Ambodivoanjo-Ivandry, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar.
V Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
W Organization for Tropical Studies, PO Box 33, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa.
X Corresponding author. Email: benwigley@gmail.com
Australian Journal of Botany 68(8) 473-531 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT20048
Submitted: 6 May 2020 Accepted: 8 October 2020 Published: 30 November 2020
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2020 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Plant functional traits provide a valuable tool to improve our understanding of ecological processes at a range of scales. Previous handbooks on plant functional traits have highlighted the importance of standardising measurements of traits to improve our understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes. In open ecosystems (i.e. grasslands, savannas, open woodlands and shrublands), traits related to disturbance (e.g. herbivory, drought, and fire) play a central role in explaining species performance and distributions and are the focus of this handbook. We provide brief descriptions of 34 traits and list important environmental filters and their relevance, provide detailed sampling methodologies and outline potential pitfalls for each trait. We have grouped traits according to plant functional type (grasses, forbs and woody plants) and, because demographic stages may experience different selective pressures, we have separated traits according to the different plant life stages (seedlings saplings and adults). We have attempted to not include traits that have been covered in previous handbooks except for where updates or additional information was considered beneficial.
Keywords: demographic bottlenecks, disturbance, drought, fire, forbs, grasses, herbivory, plant functional traits, saplings, seedlings, woody plants.
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