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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 57(1)

Involvement of nitric oxide in ultraviolet B-induced activation of phenylalanine ammoniumlyase and stimulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba leaves

Gangping Hao A C , Xihua Du B , Renjiu Shi A , Jianmei Wang A and Lei Feng A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Biochemistry, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an 271000, People’s Republic of China.

B College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China.

C Corresponding author. Email: gangpinghao1970@yahoo.com.cn

Australian Journal of Botany 57(1) 56-64 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT08067
Submitted: 23 April 2008  Accepted: 15 January 2009   Published: 23 March 2009

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation can stimulate biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Several other studies have demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule that plays a key role in plant defence responses to UV-B irradiation. However, the signalling mechanism of NO involvement in UV-B-induced secondary-metabolite synthesis is unclear. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of NO in the accumulation UV-B-induced secondary metabolite in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. Our results showed that UV-B irradiation induced multiple biological responses in the leaves of G. biloba, including increases in both NO production and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and subsequent activation of phenylalanine ammoniumlyase (PAL) and synthesis of flavonoids. Application of NO via the donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) enhanced UV-B-induced PAL activity and increased accumulation of flavonoids in G. biloba leaves. Both the NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) reduced the production of NO. Moreover, UV-B-induced increase in PAL activity and flavonoid accumulation were suppressed by L-NAME and c-PTIO. These findings suggest a causal relationship between NO release and both PAL activity and flavonoid accumulation under UV-B irradiation. In addition, the results also indicate that NO, produced via NOS-like activity in ginkgo leaves subjected to UV-B irradiation, might act as an essential signal molecule for triggering the activation of PAL and synthesis of flavonoids.


Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the research fund for the doctoral degree scholars of Taishan Medical University (No. 2005–04).


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