Endangered wild populations of endemic Calanthe orchids on an isolated Japanese island tested for viruses
Kiyohisa Kawakami A , Shin-ichi Fuji B and Kazumitsu Miyoshi A B CA Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjo Nakano Kaidohatanishi, Akita City 010-0195, Japan.
B Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjo Nakano Kaidohatanishi, Akita City 010-0195, Japan.
C Corresponding author. Email: mi_orchids@akita-pu.ac.jp
Australian Journal of Botany 55(8) 831-836 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT07093
Submitted: 20 May 2007 Accepted: 3 September 2007 Published: 14 December 2007
Abstract
Leaf samples of endangered endemic orchid Calanthe izu-insularis Ohwi & Satomi collected at the time of full-bloom from two natural habitats on Mikurajima Island on (33°50′N, 139°37′E), ~200 km south of Tokyo, Japan, were examined for nine species of virus. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was detected by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and hybridisation in 4 of the 104 leaf samples from different plants of C. izu-insularis. Five plants were removed from their natural habitat and cultivated in a greenhouse. Concentrations of detectable CMV in these plants increased and CMV was detected in all five plants after 2 weeks of cultivation. However, after an additional 10 weeks of cultivation, CMV was not detected in any of the plants. Thus, it seems possible that almost all of the plants of this species in their natural habitat might harbour CMV at concentrations that are lower than the limit of detection by RT–PCR and hybridisation. The importance of these results for the conservation in situ is discussed.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the office staff in Mikurajima Village, in particular Mr Yuichi Nishikawa and Mr Takahisa Kurimoto, for their help during the field work.
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