Seed production in Brachiaria decumbens and Paspalum plicatulum as influenced by system of residue disposal

Abstract

Long-established swards of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk and of Paspalum plicatulum cv. Rodds Bay at Mt Cotton, south-east Queensland, were cut, field dried and burnt, or cut and the residues removed in late November or early January. Burning initially reduced tillering, especially when the interval between cutting and burning was 7 days, but this difference disappeared in P. plicatulum when there was a long interval to floral initiation. A juvenility requirement was evident in the short day P. plicatulum swards, where late burning or cutting delayed floral initiation 11 days relative to early defoliation. Strong compensatory and hierarchical effects on the components of seed yield occurred, and seed yield was similar in cut or burnt treatments, except for 23% decrease in late cut P. plicatulum. Late defoliated B. decumbens yielded 31% more seed than early defoliated swards, due mainly to reduced spikelet number per raceme (branch). Burning slightly increased synchrony of inflorescence exsertion in P. plicatulum and reduced crop lodging, although in a subordinate experiment with P. plicatulum lodging was positively related to level of nitrogen supply rather than to defoliation treatment.