Effect of water supply on leaf area development, stomatal activity, transpiration, and dry matter production and distribution in young olive trees
María Gómez-del-CampoDpto. Producción Vegetal: Fitotecnia, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Email: maria.gomezdelcampo@upm.es
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58(5) 385-391 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR06178
Submitted: 31 May 2006 Accepted: 8 March 2007 Published: 11 May 2007
Abstract
Two-year-old olive trees cv. Cornicabra, trained in a central leader form for hedgerow planting, were grown outdoors in 45-L weighing lysimeters to evaluate the effect of water supply on growth and development. Four treatments were established and maintained for 155 days during spring–autumn. Treatment T100 was irrigated to maintain the potting medium close to water-holding capacity by progressive replenishment of consumption that was measured at weekly intervals by weighing and recording drainage. Treatments T80, T60, and T40 received 80, 60, and 40%, respectively, of the water applied to T100. For these treatments, transpiration and leaf area were measured every fortnight. Dry matter in roots, stems, and leaves was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. Leaf conductance was measured at 09 : 00 and 12 : 00 solar time every fortnight and at c. 2-hourly intervals throughout one day each month. Over the experimental period, T100 produced 0.42 ± 0.01 m2 leaf area, 319.6 ± 60.4 g dry biomass, and transpired 77.5 ± 1.1 L water. Water stress significantly reduced leaf area development and dry matter production (P < 0.05) in T60 and T40, but not in T80. There was no effect on dry matter partitioning to the various organs of the trees or the roots/aerial part ratio. Leaf conductance was more sensitive to water stress than vegetative growth, with significant differences (P < 0.05) established among treatments 3 weeks before differences were observed in transpiration. In autumn, transpiration and leaf conductance increased in all treatments independently of soil water status. Over the experiment, transpiration efficiency (TE, g/L) increased with reduced water supply, with a significant difference (P < 0.10) between T100 and both T60 and T40. The study has established that maximum growth of young olive plants can be achieved, without effect on the distribution of biomass between organs, at water supply less than that required to support maximum transpiration.
Additional keywords: Olea europaea L., water relations, stomatal response, transpiration efficiency, drought adaptation.
Acknowledgments
I express my gratitude to Prof. David J. Connor for suggestions on the manuscript and to José Ramón Lissarrague for lending some research equipment. I gratefully thank Beatriz Suarez, Pilar Tejela, and Francois Camsusou for field data collection. This project was supported by Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Project A0409).
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