Comparing three filter-bag types for accuracy and precision of in sacco undigestible neutral detergent fibre determination of various dicotyledon forages
A. Jonker A * and M. M. Della Rosa AA
Abstract
Internationally, undigestible neutral detergent fibre (uNDF) has become a standard feed analysis to quantify the potential digestible NDF fraction and to be an internal marker to estimate diet total-tract digestibility in animal studies. However, this analysis is labour-intensive/expensive and not commercially available in New Zealand and many other countries.
To compare the uNDF after rumen incubation determined for various forages by using filter bags that can be used sequentially for NDF and uNDF analysis with the standard method using Saatifil bags.
Freeze-dried material of 15 forage samples (mainly dicotyledons) was weighed into three types of bags (Saatifil, 12 μm; F57, 25 μm; F58, 6–9 μm) in sextuplicate and then incubated across two runs for 12 days in the rumen of a fistulated non-lactating pasture-fed dairy cow. After incubation, the NDF of the residue was determined.
Overall, the average (±within forage sample CV%) uNDF was 5.4% (9.8), 6.7% (15.2) and 6.3% (16.0) of DM for Saatifil, F57 and F58, respectively, and the mean bias (±95% confidence interval, CI) was 1.3 (0.3–2.3) and 1.2 (−0.1–2.5) for F57 and F58 versus Saatifil respectively. The 95% CI indicated that the intercept and slope for the orthogonal regression of F57 and F58 versus Saatifil were not different from zero and one, respectively, and the correlation for F57 with Saatifil was stronger than for F58 (r = 0.65 and 0.40 respectively).
Both F57 and F58 bags resulted in similar uNDF values as with the Saatifil bag; however, numerically uNDF values were greater and with a large within-sample CV.
The results of the current study suggest that the F57 bag is suitable for uNDF determination, but that some further modifications to the protocol need to be made to improve the accuracy and precision of the uNDF determination.
Keywords: alternative forage, digestibility, fodder crops, in situ, indigestible fibre, marker, proxy, pulverized sample.
References
Adams JM, Norris AB, Dias Batista LF, Rivera ME, Tedeschi LO (2020) Comparison of in situ techniques to evaluate the recovery of indigestible components and the accuracy of digestibility estimates. Journal of Animal Science 98, skaa296.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Adesogan AT (2005) Effect of bag type on the apparent digestibility of feeds in ANKOM DaisyII incubators. Animal Feed Science and Technology 119(3–4), 333-344.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
ANKOM (2017) Neutral detergent fiber in feeds: filter bag technique (for A2000 and A2000I). Available at https://www.ankom.com/sites/default/files/document-files/Method_13_NDF_A2000.pdf [accessed 19 August 2024]
Battelli M, Rapetti L, Rota Graziosi A, Colombini S, Crovetto GM, Galassi G (2020) Use of undigested NDF for estimation of diet digestibility in growing pigs. Animals 10(11), 2007.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Beck MR, Proctor JA, Smith JK, Gouvêa VN, Kasuske Z, Foote AP, Gunter SA, Beck PA (2023) Assessing different sampling regimens for estimating dietary characteristics using internal markers. Applied Animal Science 39(6), 411-422.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Beck MR, Griffin ML, Proctor JA, Foster R, Long NS, Smith JK, Gouvêa VN (2024) Optimization of indigestible neutral and acid detergent fiber measurement protocols. Applied Animal Science 40(2), 124-131.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Casali AO, Detmann E, Filho SdCV, Pereira JC, Cunha Md, Detmann KdSC, Paulino MF (2009) Estimation of fibrous compounds contents in ruminant feeds with bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, 130-138.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Cherney DJR, Patterson JA, Lemenager RP (1990) Influence of in situ bag rinsing technique on determination of dry matter disappearance. Journal of Dairy Science 73(2), 391-397.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Coblentz WK, Akins MS, Ogden RK, Bauman LM, Stammer AJ (2019) Effects of sample size on neutral detergent fiber digestibility of triticale forages using the Ankom DaisyII incubator system. Journal of Dairy Science 102(8), 6987-6999.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Damiran D, DelCurto T, Bohnert DW, Findholt SL (2008) Comparison of techniques and grinding size to estimate digestibility of forage based ruminant diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 141(1–2), 15-35.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Della Rosa MM, Sandoval E, Reid P, Luo D, Pacheco D, Janssen PH, Jonker A (2022a) Substituting ryegrass-based pasture with graded levels of forage rape in the diet of lambs decreases methane emissions and increases propionate, succinate, and primary alcohols in the rumen. Journal of Animal Science 100(9), skac223.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Della Rosa MM, Sandoval E, Luo D, Pacheco D, Jonker A (2022b) Effect of feeding fresh forage plantain (Plantago lanceolata) or ryegrass-based pasture on methane emissions, total-tract digestibility, and rumen fermentation of nonlactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 105(8), 6628-6638.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Foster JL, Smith WB, Rouquette FM, Tedeschi LO (2023) Forages and pastures symposium: an update on in vitro and in situ experimental techniques for approximation of ruminal fiber degradation. Journal of Animal Science 101, skad097.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Giavarina D (2015) Understanding Bland Altman analysis. Biochemia Medica 25(2), 141-151.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Huhtanen P, Kaustell K, Jaakkola S (1994) The use of internal markers to predict total digestibility and duodenal flow of nutrients in cattle given six different diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 48(3–4), 211-227.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Krämer M, Weisbjerg MR, Lund P, Jensen CS, Pedersen MG (2012) Estimation of indigestible NDF in forages and concentrates from cell wall composition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 177(1–2), 40-51.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Krizsan SJ, Rinne M, Nyholm L, Huhtanen P (2015) New recommendations for the ruminal in situ determination of indigestible neutral detergent fibre. Animal Feed Science and Technology 205, 31-41.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Lund P, Weisbjerg MR, Ahvenjärvi S, Huhtanen P, Udén P, Olafsson B, Volden H (2004) Nordic ringtest on INDF content and NDF degradation characteristics in three feeds. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 13, 139-142.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
McRoberts KC, Cherney DJR (2014) Low-infrastructure filter bag technique for neutral detergent fiber analysis of forages. Animal Feed Science and Technology 187, 77-85.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Morris DL, Rebelo LR, Dieter PA, Lee C (2018) Validating intrinsic markers and optimizing spot sampling frequency to estimate fecal outputs. Journal of Dairy Science 101(9), 7980-7989.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Norris AB, Tedeschi LO, Muir JP (2019) Assessment of in situ techniques to determine indigestible components in the feed and feces of cattle receiving supplemental condensed tannins. Journal of Animal Science 97(12), 5016-5026.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Sniffen CJ, O’Connor JD, Van Soest PJ, Fox DG, Russell JB (1992) A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science 70(11), 3562-3577.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
Tamminga S, Robinson PH, Meijs S, Boer H (1989) Feed components as internal markers in digestion studies with dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 27(1–2), 49-57.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583-3597.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |