Resilience to agricultural habitat fragmentation in an arboreal marsupial
Shaun W. Molloy A B and Robert A. Davis A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Natural Sciences, Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
B Corresponding author. Email: shaunecologist@gmail.com
Australian Mammalogy 39(2) 185-196 https://doi.org/10.1071/AM16012
Submitted: 22 March 2016 Accepted: 24 September 2016 Published: 31 October 2016
Abstract
The impact of habitat fragmentation on arboreal mammals is poorly understood and potentially greater than for ground-dwelling mammals. We investigated the influence of landscape fragmentation on a generalist arboreal marsupial, the koomal (Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus), a geographically isolated subspecies of the common brushtail possum endemic to south-western Australia. Since European settlement this taxon has undergone a significant reduction in range and population. We describe a year-long trapping study, incorporating radio-tracking, of a koomal population in a fragmented agricultural landscape to determine how agriculture and habitat fragmentation affect populations. In all, 61 free-ranging individuals were captured. Mark–recapture modelling estimated the population of 28.8 per trapping event with a total population size of 69 individuals having been present in the test landscape during the course of the study. Population demographics were comparable with populations found in relatively continuous landscapes. Mean home-range size was 8.8 ha of remnant vegetation for males and 7.9 ha for females. Home ranges usually incorporated several patches. Utilisation of shrublands, wetlands, and areas infested with Phytophthora dieback was not observed. Individuals required access to a selection of suitable denning trees and distances between patches <100 m did not appear to impair movement, with gaps <400 m regularly crossed.
Additional keywords: dispersal, home range, Phytophthora dieback, population biology, Trichosurus vulpecula.
References
Amarasekare, P., and Possingham, H. (2001). Patch dynamics and metapopulation theory: the case of successional species. Journal of Theoretical Biology 209, 333–344.| Patch dynamics and metapopulation theory: the case of successional species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzisFGitA%3D%3D&md5=6cc674f37cd91514ce80465e0fe8a95dCAS | 11312593PubMed |
Ball, S. J., Ramsey, D., Nugent, G., Warburton, B., and Efford, M. (2005). A method for estimating wildlife detection probabilities in relation to home-range use: insights from a field study on the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula. Wildlife Research 32, 217–227.
| A method for estimating wildlife detection probabilities in relation to home-range use: insights from a field study on the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Beyer, H. L. (2004). Hawth’s analysis tools for ArcGIS. Available at: http://www.spatialecology.com/htools [accessed 21 February 2013].
Burbidge, A. (2010). Global hotspot under stress. Ecos , 18–19.
Burbidge, A. A., and McKenzie, N. L. (1989). Patterns in the modern decline of Western Australia’s vertebrate fauna: causes and conservation implications. Biological Conservation 50, 143–198.
| Patterns in the modern decline of Western Australia’s vertebrate fauna: causes and conservation implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burbidge, A. A., McKenzie, N. L., Brennan, K. E. C., Woinarski, J. C. Z., Dickman, C. R., Baynes, A., Gordon, G., Menkhorst, P. W., and Robinson, A. C. (2008). Conservation status and biogeography of Australia’s terrestrial mammals. Australian Journal of Zoology 56, 411–422.
| Conservation status and biogeography of Australia’s terrestrial mammals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bureau of Meteorology (2013). Annual climate summary 2012. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne. Available at: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/annual_sum/2012/AnClimSum2012_HR1.0.pdf [accessed 20 July 2016].
Collinge, S. K. (2009). ‘The Ecology of Fragmented Landscapes.’ (Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.)
Coops, N. C., Smith, M. L., Jacobsen, K. L., Martin, M., and Ollinger, S. (2004). Estimation of plant and leaf area index using three techniques in a mature native eucalypt canopy. Austral Ecology 29, 332–341.
| Estimation of plant and leaf area index using three techniques in a mature native eucalypt canopy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cowan, P., Brockie, R., Ward, G., and Efford, M. (1996). Long-distance movments of juvenile brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, on farmland, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. Wildlife Research 23, 237–243.
| Long-distance movments of juvenile brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, on farmland, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cruz, J. (2011). Ecology of the koomal, Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus, in the northern jarrah forest in relation to predation and resource availability. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld.
Cruz, J., Sutherland, D. R., Martin, G. R., and Leung, L. K. P. (2012). Are smaller subspecies of common brushtail possums more omnivorous than larger ones? Austral Ecology 37, 893–902.
| Are smaller subspecies of common brushtail possums more omnivorous than larger ones?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dalmaris, E., Ramalho, C. E., Poot, P., Veneklaas, E. J., and Byrne, M. (2015). A climate change context for the decline of a foundation tree species in south-western Australia: insights from phylogeography and species distribution modelling. Annals of Botany 116, 941–952.
| A climate change context for the decline of a foundation tree species in south-western Australia: insights from phylogeography and species distribution modelling.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25851142PubMed |
Davis, R. A., and Roberts, J. D. (2005). Population genetic structure of the western spotted frog, Heleioporus albopunctatus (Anura: Myobatrachidae), in a fragmented landscape in south-western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 53, 167–175.
| Population genetic structure of the western spotted frog, Heleioporus albopunctatus (Anura: Myobatrachidae), in a fragmented landscape in south-western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Davis, R. A., Gole, C., and Roberts, J. D. (2013). Impacts of urbanisation on the native avifauna of Perth, Western Australia. Urban Ecosystems 16, 427–452.
| Impacts of urbanisation on the native avifauna of Perth, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
de Tores, P. J., Hayward, M. W., and Rosier, S. M. (2004). The western ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus occidentalis and the quokka, Setonix brachyurus, case studies: Western Shield review February 2003. Conservation Science Western Australia 5, 235–257.
Dell, B., Havel, J. J., and Malajczuk, N. (1989). ‘The Jarrah Forest: a Complex Mediterranean Ecosystem.’ (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.)
Doherty, T. S., Bengsen, A. J., and Davis, R. A. (2014). A critical review of habitat use by feral cats and key directions for future research and management. Wildlife Research 41, 435–446.
| A critical review of habitat use by feral cats and key directions for future research and management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Doherty, T. S., Davis, R. A., Etten, E. J., Algar, D., Collier, N., Dickman, C. R., Edwards, G., Masters, P., Palmer, R., and Robinson, S. (2015a). A continental‐scale analysis of feral cat diet in Australia. Journal of Biogeography 42, 964–975.
| A continental‐scale analysis of feral cat diet in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Doherty, T. S., Dickman, C. R., Nimmo, D. G., and Ritchie, E. G. (2015b). Multiple threats, or multiplying the threats? Interactions between invasive predators and other ecological disturbances. Biological Conservation 190, 60–68.
| Multiple threats, or multiplying the threats? Interactions between invasive predators and other ecological disturbances.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Efford, M. (2000). Possum density, population structure, and dynamics. In ‘The Brushtail Possum: Biology, Impact and Management of an Introduced Marsupial’. (Ed. T. L. Montague.) pp. 47–61. (Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln, New Zealand.)
Foley, W. J., and Moore, B. D. (2005). Plant secondary metabolites and vertebrate herbivores – from physiological regulation to ecosystem function. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8, 430–435.
| Plant secondary metabolites and vertebrate herbivores – from physiological regulation to ecosystem function.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlsFGgt78%3D&md5=b5c9ef1d254a10f818ab7ee63fe1543aCAS | 15939665PubMed |
Franklin, A. B. (2001). Exploring ecological relationships in survival and estimating rates of population change using program MARK. In ‘Wildlife, Land, and People: Priorities for the 21st Century’. pp. 350–356. (The Wildlife Society: Bethesda, MD.)
Goldingay, R. L., Harrisson, K. A., Taylor, A. C., Ball, T. M., Sharpe, D. J., and Taylor, B. D. (2013a). Fine-scale genetic response to landscape change in a gliding mammal. PLoS One 8, e80383.
| Fine-scale genetic response to landscape change in a gliding mammal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24386079PubMed |
Goldingay, R. L., Rohweder, D., and Taylor, B. D. (2013b). Will arboreal mammals use rope-bridges across a highway in eastern Australia? Australian Mammalogy 35, 30–38.
| Will arboreal mammals use rope-bridges across a highway in eastern Australia?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Grimm, H. L., and De Tores, P. J. (2009). Some aspects of the biology of the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, and the threatened western ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus occidentalis, in a pine plantation scheduled for harvesting and in adjacent turat and peppermint woodland near Busselton, Western Australia. Government of Western Australia, Perth.
Haddad, N. M., Brudvig, L. A., Clobert, J., Davies, K. F., Gonzalez, A., Holt, R. D., Lovejoy, T. E., Sexton, J. O., Austin, M. P., and Collins, C. D. (2015). Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems. Science Advances 1, e1500052.
| Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26601154PubMed |
Harper, M. J. (2005). Home range and den use of common brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, in urban forest remnants. Wildlife Research 32, 681–687.
| Home range and den use of common brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, in urban forest remnants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Harper, M. J., McCarthy, M. A., and Van Der Ree, R. (2008). Resources at the landscape scale influence possum abundance. Austral Ecology 33, 243–252.
| Resources at the landscape scale influence possum abundance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Harris, J. M., Goldingay, R. L., and Brooks, L. O. (2014). Population ecology of the eastern pygmy-possum (Cercartetus nanus) in a montane woodland in southern New South Wales. Australian Mammalogy 36, 212–218.
Havel, J. J., and Mattiske, E. M. (2000). Vegetation mapping of south west forest regions of Western Australia. Perth.
Hearn, R., Williams, K., Comer, S., and Beecham, B. (2003). JF2 – Southern Jarrah Forest subregion. In ‘A Biodiveristy Audit of Western Australia’s Biogeographical Subregions in 2002.’ (Eds N. McKenzie and J. May.) pp. 382–403. (Department of Conservation and Land Mangagment: Perth.)
Horne, J. S., and Garton, E. O. (2006). Likelihood cross-validation versus least squares cross-validation for choosing the smoothing parameter in kernel home-range analysis. The Journal of Wildlife Management 70, 641–648.
| Likelihood cross-validation versus least squares cross-validation for choosing the smoothing parameter in kernel home-range analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
How, R. A., and Hillcox, S. J. (2000). Brushtail possum populations in south-western Australia: demography, diet and conservation status. Wildlife Research 27, 81–89.
| Brushtail possum populations in south-western Australia: demography, diet and conservation status.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ji, W., Sarre, S. D., Craig, J. L., and Clout, M. N. (2003). Denning behavior of common brushtail possums in populations recovering from density reduction. Journal of Mammalogy 84, 1059–1067.
| Denning behavior of common brushtail possums in populations recovering from density reduction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Johnson, C. N., and Isaac, J. L. (2009). Body mass and extinction risk in Australian marsupials: the ‘Critical Weight Range’ revisited. Austral Ecology 34, 35–40.
| Body mass and extinction risk in Australian marsupials: the ‘Critical Weight Range’ revisited.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jones, B. (2004). The possum fauna of Western Australia: decline persistence and status. In ‘The Biology of Australian Possums and Gliders.’ (Eds R. L. Goldingay and S. M. Jackson.) pp. 149–160. (Surrey Beatty: Sydney.)
Kerle, J. A., Mckay, G. M., and Sharman, G. B. (1991). A systematic analysis of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae). Australian Journal of Zoology 39, 313–331.
| A systematic analysis of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kupfer, J. A. (2012). Landscape ecology and biogeography: rethinking landscape metrics in a post-FRAGSTATS landscape. Progress in Physical Geography 36, 400–420.
| Landscape ecology and biogeography: rethinking landscape metrics in a post-FRAGSTATS landscape.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lancaster, M. L., Taylor, A. C., Cooper, S. J. B., and Carthew, S. M. (2011). Limited ecological connectivity of an arboreal marsupial across a forest/plantation landscape despite apparent resilience to fragmentation. Molecular Ecology 20, 2258–2271.
| Limited ecological connectivity of an arboreal marsupial across a forest/plantation landscape despite apparent resilience to fragmentation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21507094PubMed |
le Mar, K., and McArthur, C. (2005). Habitat selection by common brushtail possums in a patchy eucalypt–forestry environment. Australian Mammalogy 27, 119–127.
Lindenmayer, D. B., and Fischer, J. (2013). ‘Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change: an Ecological and Conservation Synthesis.’ (Island Press: Washington, DC.)
Lindenmayer, D. B., Welsh, A., and Donnelly, C. F. (1997). Use of nest trees by the mountain brushtail possum, Trichosurus caninus (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia). III. Spatial configuration and co-occupancy of nest trees. Wildlife Research 24, 661–677.
| Use of nest trees by the mountain brushtail possum, Trichosurus caninus (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia). III. Spatial configuration and co-occupancy of nest trees.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lindenmayer, D. B., Pope, M. L., and Cunningham, R. B. (2004). Patch use by the greater glider, Petauroides volans, in a fragmented forest ecosystem. II. Characteristics of den trees and preliminary data on den-use patterns. Wildlife Research 31, 569–577.
| Patch use by the greater glider, Petauroides volans, in a fragmented forest ecosystem. II. Characteristics of den trees and preliminary data on den-use patterns.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lindenmayer, D., Hobbs, R. J., Montague-Drake, R., Alexandra, J., Bennett, A., Burgman, M., Cale, P., Calhoun, A., Cramer, V., Cullen, P., Driscoll, D., Fahrig, L., Fischer, J., Franklin, J., Haila, Y., Hunter, M., Gibbons, P., Lake, S., Luck, G., MacGregor, C., McIntyre, S., Mac Nally, R., Manning, A., Miller, J., Mooney, H., Noss, R., Possingham, H., Saunders, D., Schmiegelow, F., Scott, M., Simberloff, D., Sisk, T., Tabor, G., Walker, B., Wiens, J., Woinarski, J., and Zavaleta, E. (2008). A checklist for ecological management of landscapes for conservation. Ecology Letters 11, 78–91.
| 17927771PubMed |
Luque, S., Saura, S., and Fortin, M.-J. (2012). Landscape connectivity analysis for conservation: insights from combining new methods with ecological and genetic data. Landscape Ecology 27, 153–157.
| Landscape connectivity analysis for conservation: insights from combining new methods with ecological and genetic data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Macfarlane, C., Arndt, S. K., Livesley, S. J., Edgar, A. C., White, D. A., Adams, M. A., and Eamus, D. (2007). Estimation of leaf area index in eucalypt forest with vertical foliage, using cover and fullframe fisheye photography. Forest Ecology and Management 242, 756–763.
| Estimation of leaf area index in eucalypt forest with vertical foliage, using cover and fullframe fisheye photography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Malekian, M., Cooper, S. J. B., Saint, K. M., Lancaster, M. L., Taylor, A. C., and Carthew, S. M. (2015). Effects of landscape matrix on population connectivity of an arboreal mammal, Petaurus breviceps. Ecology and Evolution 5, 3939–3953.
| Effects of landscape matrix on population connectivity of an arboreal mammal, Petaurus breviceps.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26442617PubMed |
McGarigal, K., Stafford, S. G., and Cushman, S. (2000). ‘Multivariate Statistics for Wildlife and Ecology Research.’ (Springer: New York.)
Melles, S. J., Badzinski, D., Fortin, M. J., Csillag, F., and Lindsay, K. (2009). Disentangling habitat and social drivers of nesting patterns in songbirds. Landscape Ecology 24, 519–531.
| Disentangling habitat and social drivers of nesting patterns in songbirds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Milad, M., Schaich, H., Bürgi, M., and Konold, W. (2011). Climate change and nature conservation in central European forests: a review of consequences, concepts and challenges. Forest Ecology and Management 261, 829–843.
| Climate change and nature conservation in central European forests: a review of consequences, concepts and challenges.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Molloy, S., O’Connor, T., Wood, J., and Wallrodt, S. (2007). Local government biodiversity planning guidelines for the Perth metropolitan region: addendum for the South West Biodiversity Project area. Western Australian Local Government Association, Perth.
Molloy, S. W., Davis, R. A., and van Etten, E. J. B. (2014). Species distribution modelling using bioclimatic variables to determine the impacts of a changing climate on the western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentals; Pseudocheiridae). Environmental Conservation 41, 176–186.
| Species distribution modelling using bioclimatic variables to determine the impacts of a changing climate on the western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentals; Pseudocheiridae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Molloy, S. W., Davis, R. A., and van Etten, E. J. (2016). Incorporating field studies into species distribution and climate change modelling: a case study of the koomal Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus (Phalangeridae). PLoS One 11, e0154161.
| Incorporating field studies into species distribution and climate change modelling: a case study of the koomal Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus (Phalangeridae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27104611PubMed |
Mortelliti, A., Crane, M., Okada, S., and Lindenmayer, D. B. (2015). Marsupial response to matrix conversion: results of a large-scale long-term ‘natural experiment’ in Australia. Biological Conservation 191, 60–66.
| Marsupial response to matrix conversion: results of a large-scale long-term ‘natural experiment’ in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nersesian, C. L., Banks, P. B., and McArthur, C. (2012). Behavioural responses to indirect and direct predator cues by a mammalian herbivore, the common brushtail possum. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 66, 47–55.
| Behavioural responses to indirect and direct predator cues by a mammalian herbivore, the common brushtail possum.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Patt, M. (1995). The free-ranging population of the brush-tail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr, in the urban environment of the Perth Zoo; population estimates and management implications. BSc Hons Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Perth.
Pledger, S., Pollock, K. H., and Norris, J. L. (2003). Open capture–recapture models with heterogeneity: I. Cormack–Jolly–Seber model. Biometrics 59, 786–794.
| Open capture–recapture models with heterogeneity: I. Cormack–Jolly–Seber model.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 14969456PubMed |
Pope, M., Lindenmayer, D., and Cunningham, R. (2004). Patch use by the greater glider (Petauroides volans) in a fragmented forest ecosystem. I. Home range size and movements. Wildlife Research 31, 559–568.
| Patch use by the greater glider (Petauroides volans) in a fragmented forest ecosystem. I. Home range size and movements.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Potvin, F., Lowell, K., Fortin, M.-J., and Belanger, L. (2001). How to test habitat selection at the home range scale: a resampling random windows technique. Ecoscience 8, 399–406.
Ramakrishna, A., and Ravishankar, G. A. (2011). Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior 6, 1720–1731.
| Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XisFSlur0%3D&md5=c20d40e9cf90ed35255a26ae3af59634CAS |
Robertson, O. J., and Radford, J. Q. (2009). Gap-crossing decisions of forest birds in a fragmented landscape. Austral Ecology 34, 435–446.
Sampson, J. C. (1971). The biology of Bettongia penicillata Gray, 1837. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Western Australia, Perth.
Scrivener, N. J., Johnson, C. N., Wallis, I. R., Takasaki, M., Foley, W. J., and Krockenberger, A. K. (2004). Which trees do wild common brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, prefer? Problems and solutions in scaling laboratory findings to diet selection in the field. Evolutionary Ecology Research 6, 77–87.
Smith, F. P. (2008). Who’s planting what, where and why – and who’s paying? An analysis of farmland revegetation in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia. Landscape and Urban Planning 86, 66–78.
| Who’s planting what, where and why – and who’s paying? An analysis of farmland revegetation in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stow, A. J., Minarovic, N., Eymann, J., Cooper, D. W., and Webley, L. S. (2006). Genetic structure infers generally high philopatry and male-biased dispersal of brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, in urban Australia. Wildlife Research 33, 409–415.
| Genetic structure infers generally high philopatry and male-biased dispersal of brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, in urban Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thackway, R. M., and Cresswell, I. D. (1995). An interim bio-geographic regionalisation for Australia: a framework for setting priorities in the national reserves system cooperative program. Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra.
Wayne, A. F., Ward, C. G., Rooney, J. F., Vellios, C. V., and Lindenmayer, D. B. (2005). The life history of Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus (Phalangeridae) in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 53, 265–278.
| The life history of Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus (Phalangeridae) in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Weston, N., Goosem, M., Marsh, H., Cohen, M., and Wilson, R. (2011). Using canopy bridges to link habitat for arboreal mammals: successful trials in the Wet Tropics of Queensland. Australian Mammalogy 33, 93–105.
| Using canopy bridges to link habitat for arboreal mammals: successful trials in the Wet Tropics of Queensland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
White, G.C., and Burnham, K.P. (1999). Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Stud 46, S120–S139.
| Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
White, G. C., Burnham, K. P., and Anderson, D. R. (2001). Advanced features of program MARK. In ‘Wildlife, Land, and People: Priorities for the 21st Century. Proceedings of the Second International Wildlife Management Congress’. pp. 368–377. (The Wildlife Society: Bethesda, MD.)
Woinarski, J., Burbidge, A., and Harrison, P. (2014). ‘Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.)
Woinarski, J. C. Z., Burbidge, A. A., and Harrison, P. L. (2015). Ongoing unraveling of a continental fauna: decline and extinction of Australian mammals since European settlement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, 4531–4540.
| Ongoing unraveling of a continental fauna: decline and extinction of Australian mammals since European settlement.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXitlagsbg%3D&md5=a6ad886626e944c94a13456264b5b511CAS |
Yokochi, K., Chambers, B. K., and Bencini, R. (2015). An artificial waterway and road restrict movements and alter home ranges of endangered arboreal marsupial. Journal of Mammalogy 96, 1284–1294.
| An artificial waterway and road restrict movements and alter home ranges of endangered arboreal marsupial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
