Impact of capillary trapping on CSG recovery: an overlooked phenomenon
Yiran Zhu A , Zhongwei Chen B D , Huilin Xing A and Victor Rudolph C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
B School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
C School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: zhongwei.chen@uq.edu.au
The APPEA Journal 59(1) 343-356 https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ18228
Submitted: 11 December 2018 Accepted: 26 February 2019 Published: 17 June 2019
Abstract
The impact of water on gas production has been commonly reflected using relative permeability curves, which are obtained by measuring the flow behaviour of each phase through a core sample. This approach reflects the overall response of a core to flow but is unable to capture the capillary trapping phenomenon at the microscale, which is expected to vary significantly for coals with different microstructures. The overlook of trapping effect could potentially overestimate gas production, a topic that does not appear to be well explored. In this work, the impact of capillary trapping on gas recovery was investigated numerically through a fully coupled water-gas two-phase flow model. The characterisation of a coal microstructure, surface chemistry (e.g. coal wettability) and an isotherm curve was summarised for Bowen Basin coal. Various sensitivity studies were then conducted at coal matrix scale to quantify the amount of gas trapped by capillary forces under different reservoir conditions and production controls. Our results show that for the studied coal parameters from the Bowen Basin, the capillary trapping effect hinders gas breakthrough noticeably, causing unwanted high abandonment pressure and reduction in gas recovery rate. Among all investigated parameters, pore size has the most important effect on trapped gas percentage. If taking 3 MPa as initial reservoir pressure, 300 kPa as the abandonment pressure baseline, 63.58 kPa as the gas breakthrough pressure, then the trapped gas accounts up to 4.02% of the total predicted gas; the trapped gas percentage will increase considerably if the saturation of gas is very low, although this variability is largely dependent on reservoir condition.
Keywords: capillary trapping effect, coal matrix, gas breakthrough, gas-water two-phase flow, shut-in.
Yiran Zhu is a PhD student at School of Earth and Environmental Sciences in The University of Queensland (UQ). He graduated with MSc and BSc degrees from China University of Mining and Technology in 2017 and 2014 respectively. His current research project is about gas-water two-phase flow during the production of CSG. |
Zhongwei Chen gained his PhD in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Western Australia in September 2012. He joined UQ as an Associate Lecturer in January 2013, and currently, he is a senior lecturer in mining engineering at UQ School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering. His research interests are in the areas of unconventional geomechanics, fluid flow in fractured porous media (particularly coal seams), coupled computational modelling associated with unconventional gas extraction, CO2 sequestrations and underground coal mining operations. He is the recipient of the American Rock Mechanics Research Award for 2011, a member of SPE and AusIMM and has been serving as an Associate Editor of International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology since 2015. |
Huilin Xing is an Honorary Associate Professor at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences in UQ. His current research interest is on Multiscale Multiphysical Modelling and practical applications by using supercomputers. He has been working on advanced computational modelling and software development for simulating large-scale, non-linear, multi-physical coupled geo-science and engineering issues spanning from pore to laboratory and field scales. |
Victor Rudolph is a Professor in the School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology in UQ. His research includes fossil fuels (coal bed methane, enhanced coal bed methane and CO2 sequestration in coal), gas to liquids, renewable fuels (ethanol, biomass and waste materials), geothermal energy, solid waste and sludge treatment, and mineral recovery and water technologies. |
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