Behavioural thermoregulation by Australian freshwater turtles: interspecific differences and implications for responses to climate change
Bruce C. ChessmanCentre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Email: brucechessman@gmail.com
Australian Journal of Zoology 67(2) 94-105 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO20004
Submitted: 26 January 2020 Accepted: 23 April 2020 Published: 1 May 2020
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2019 Open Access CC BY
Abstract
The abilities of freshwater turtles to control their body temperatures by behavioural means have implications for activity, food ingestion and digestion, growth, reproduction and potential responses to climate change. I compared various forms of basking in nature, and responses to aquatic and aerial photothermal gradients in the laboratory, among three species of Australian chelid turtles: Chelodina expansa, C. longicollis and Emydura macquarii. Proclivity for behavioural thermoregulation varied substantially among these species, being highest in C. longicollis and lowest in C. expansa. However, C. expansa had a thermophilic response to feeding. For C. longicollis and E. macquarii, behavioural thermoregulation may enhance colonisation of more southerly latitudes or higher elevations as climatic warming proceeds. However, increasing air temperatures may pose a hazard to turtles dispersing or sheltering terrestrially (for example, when water bodies dry during drought). C. longicollis appears the best placed of the three species to avoid this hazard through its abilities to thermoregulate behaviourally and to aestivate in terrestrial microenvironments that are buffered against temperature extremes.
Additional keywords: basking, Chelodina expansa, Chelodina longicollis, Emydura macquarii, temperature.
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