Can pore-clogging by ash explain post-fire runoff?
Cathelijne R. Stoof A B I , Anouk I. Gevaert A C D , Christine Baver A , Bahareh Hassanpour A , Verónica L. Morales E F , Wei Zhang G , Deborah Martin H , Shree K. Giri A and Tammo S. Steenhuis A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Riley Robb Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
B Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
C Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
D Earth and Climate Cluster, Department of Earth Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
E SIMBIOS Centre, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
F Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
G Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
H United States Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street (E147), Boulder, CO 80303-1066, USA.
I Corresponding author. Email: cathelijne.stoof@wur.nl
International Journal of Wildland Fire 25(3) 294-305 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF15037
Submitted: 6 February 2015 Accepted: 21 October 2015 Published: 20 January 2016
Abstract
Ash plays an important role in controlling runoff and erosion processes after wildfire and has frequently been hypothesised to clog soil pores and reduce infiltration. Yet evidence for clogging is incomplete, as research has focussed on identifying the presence of ash in soil; the actual flow processes remain unknown. We conducted laboratory infiltration experiments coupled with microscope observations in pure sands, saturated hydraulic conductivity analysis, and interaction energy calculations, to test whether ash can clog pores (i.e. block pores such that infiltration is hampered and ponding occurs). Although results confirmed previous observations of ash washing into pores, clogging was not observed in the pure sands tested, nor were conditions found for which this does occur. Clogging by means of strong attachment of ash to sand was deemed unlikely given the negative surface charge of the two materials. Ponding due to washing in of ash was also considered improbable given the high saturated conductivity of pure ash and ash–sand mixtures. This first mechanistic step towards analysing ash transport and attachment processes in field soils therefore suggests that pore clogging by ash is unlikely to occur in sands. Discussion is provided on other mechanisms by which ash can affect post-fire hydrology.
Additional keywords: hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, wildland fire ash.
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