Thermodynamic structure of a grass fire plume
Craig B. ClementsDepartment of Meteorology, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192, USA. Email: clements@met.sjsu.edu
International Journal of Wildland Fire 19(7) 895-902 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF09009
Submitted: 29 January 2009 Accepted: 29 March 2010 Published: 5 November 2010
Abstract
High-frequency thermocouple measurements were made during an experimental grass fire conducted during ideal weather with overcast and windy conditions. Analysis of the thermodynamic structure of the fire plume showed that a maximum plume temperature of 295.2°C was measured directly above the combustion zone. Plume heating rates were on the order of 26–45 kW m–2 and occurred in the region just above the combustion zone between 10 and 15 m above ground level and were followed by cooling of approximately –37 and –44 kW m–2. The observed cooling was caused by strong entrainment that occurred behind the fire front and plume. The rapid heating and subsequent cooling indicate that the heating caused by a fire front is limited to a small volume around the flaming front and that the rates of heat gain occur for a short duration. The short duration of plume heating is due to the fast rate of spread of the fire front and ambient wind.
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