Register      Login
International Journal of Wildland Fire International Journal of Wildland Fire Society
Journal of the International Association of Wildland Fire
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Manager-based valuations of alternative fire management regimes on Cape York Peninsula, Australia

Adam G. Drucker A E , Stephen T. Garnett A F , Marty K. Luckert B F , Gabriel M. Crowley A C F and Niilo Gobius D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School for Environmental Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.

B Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada.

C Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.

D Cape York Peninsula Development Association, Cairns, QLD 4875, Australia.

E Corresponding author. Email: adam.drucker@cdu.edu.au

F Authors contributed equally to the paper.

International Journal of Wildland Fire 17(5) 660-673 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07102
Submitted: 26 July 2007  Accepted: 27 February 2008   Published: 3 October 2008

Abstract

Decisions about fire management on pastoral properties are often made with little empirical knowledge. Proper accounting of the interactions between land, pasture, trees and livestock within the context of climatic variability and market conditions is required in order to assess financial implications of alternative fire management regimes. The present paper aims to facilitate such accounting through the development of a manager-driven decision-support tool. This approach is needed to account for variable property conditions and to provide direction towards considering optimal practices among a vast array of potential activities. The tool is an interactive model, developed for a hypothetical property, which analyses the costs and benefits of a baseline (no fires) against a historically based probability of wildfire overlaid by four alternative fire management regimes, representing cumulatively increasing levels of fire management intensity. These are: Regime 1, no action taken to prevent or stop wildfires; Regime 2, fire suppression (reactive fighting of wildfire); Regime 3, Regime 2 plus prevention (early dry-season burning); and Regime 4, Regime 3 combined with storm-burning (burning soon after the first wet-season storm). The model, which shows that fire and fire management have significant influences on the gross margin of Cape York Peninsula cattle properties, can be used as a decision-support tool in developing fire management strategies for individual properties. Specific fire management recommendations follow, together with the identification of potential areas of future work needed to facilitate use of the tool by clients.


Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the large group of pastoralists from all over CYP who gave freely of their knowledge at the interactive workshop in order to help create the model described in the present paper. Tom and Sue Shephard of Artemis Station were, as ever, enormously generous in hosting the workshop in their home. Landcare coordinators Wendy Seabrook and Sandy Lloyd helped organise the workshop, Joe Miller was an excellent facilitator and Joe Rolfe and Bill Holmes, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Peter Thompson, Cape York Peninsula Development Association, and Mandy Trueman, Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Savanna Management, also made substantial contributions. Grant Williamson and Gillian Armstrong from Charles Darwin University were a great help in final preparation of the data and the manuscript.


References


Andersen AN (1999) Cross-cultural conflicts in fire management in northern Australia: not so black and white. Conservation Ecology 3, 6. Available at http://www.consecol.org/vol3/iss1/art6/ [Verified 31 July 2008]

Ash A , Stafford Smith M (2003) Pastoralism in tropical rangelands: seizing the opportunity to change. Rangeland Journal  25, 113–127.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Ash A, Hunt L, Petty S, Cowley R, Fisher A, MacDonald N, Stokes C (2006) Intensification of pastoral lands in northern Australia. In ‘14th Biennial Australian Rangelands Conference’, Renmark, SA. (Ed. P Erkelenz) pp. 43–46. (Australian Rangeland Society: Brisbane)

Ash AJ, McIvor JG, Mott JJ , Andrew MH (1997) Building grass castles: integrating ecology and management of Australia’s tropical tallgrass rangelands. Rangeland Journal  19, 123–144.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Commonwealth of Australia (2001) Australian Agriculture Assessment 2001. National Land and Water Resources Audit Volume 2. (Canberra)

Cook CW, Stubbendieck J (Eds) (1986) Range research: basic problems and techniques. In ‘Society for Range Management’. (Society for Range Management: Denver, CO)

Cotner MC (1963) Optimum timing of long-term resource improvements. Journal of Farm Economics  45, 732–748.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Cotter GF (1994) A study of the pastoral industry of Cape York Peninsula. Queensland Department of Lands, CYPLUS Report. (Brisbane)

Crowley GM (1995) Fire on Cape York Peninsula. Office of the Co-ordinator General of Queensland, Brisbane, and Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories. (Canberra)

Crowley GM (2001) Grasslands of Cape York Peninsula – a fire-dependent habitat. In ‘Savanna Burning – Understanding and Using Fire in Northern Australia’. (Eds R Dyer, P Jacklyn, I Partridge, J Russell-Smith, R Williams) p. 34. (Tropical Savannas CRC: Darwin)

Crowley GM , Garnett ST (1999) Seeds of the annual grasses Schizachyrium spp. as a food resource for tropical granivorous birds. Australian Journal of Ecology  24, 208–220.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Crowley GM, Garnett ST, Shephard S (2004) ‘Management Guidelines for Golden-shouldered Parrot Conservation.’ (Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service: Brisbane)

DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) (2007) The rainfall reliability wizard. (Canberra) Available at http://www.daffa.gov.au/brs/climate-impact/analysis/rainfall-wizard [Verified 31 July 2008]

Dyer RM (2001) Fire and vegetation management in pasture lands of the Victoria River District, Northern Territory. PhD thesis, University of Queensland. Available at http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:106413 [Verified 19 August 2008]

Dyer R , Stafford Smith M (2003) Ecological and economic assessment of prescribed burning impacts in semi-arid pastoral lands of northern Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire  12, 403–413.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Eggington AR (1986) Chemical composition of monsoon tallgrass pastures on the Marrakai land system of the Northern Territory. Department of Primary Production, Technical Bulletin 91. (Darwin)

Fisher R (2003) ‘Fire Information resource for the VRD.’ (CD-ROM) (Meat and Livestock Australia, Natural Heritage Trust, Northern Territory Department of Business, Industry and Development and Tropical Savannas CRC: Darwin)

Garnett ST, Crowley GM (1997) The Golden-shouldered Parrot of Cape York Peninsula: the importance of cups of tea to effective conservation. In ‘Conservation Outside Nature Reserves’. (Eds P Hale, D Lamb) pp. 201–205. (Centre for Conservation Biology, University of Queensland: Brisbane).

Garnett ST, Crowley GM (2004) Recovery Plan for the Golden-shouldered Parrot (Psephotus chrysopterygius) 2003–2007. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service report. (Brisbane)

Garoian L, Coonner JR , Scifres CJ (1984) Economic evaluation of fire-based management systems for Macartney rose. Journal of Range Management  37, 111–115.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Grice AC (2006) Developing, implementing and evaluating fire management of woody vegetation in the Gulf region. Meat and Livestock Australia, Final Report for Project NBP 319. (Sydney)

Holmes W (2006) Breedcow and Dynama, Herd Budgeting Package, ver. 5.0. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries: Townsville) Available at www.dpi.qld.gov.au/breedcowdynama [Verified 31 July 2008]

Jameson DA (1971) Optimum stand selection for juniper control on south-western woodland. Journal of Range Management  24, 94–99.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Kershaw AP, Clark JS, Gill JM, D’Costa DM (2002) A history of fire in Australia. In ‘Flammable Australia: the Fire Regimes and Biodiversity of a Continent’. (Eds R Bradstock, J Williams, M Gill) pp. 3–25. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)

Landsberg J, Clarkson J (Eds) (2006) ‘Threatened Plants of Cape York Peninsula.’ (Tropical Savannas CRC: Darwin)

Landsberg RG, Ash AJ, Shepherd RK , McKeon GM (1998) Learning from history to survive in the future: management evolution on Trafalgar Station, north-east Queensland. Rangeland Journal  20, 104–118.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Lewis HT (1985) Burning the ‘Top End’: kangaroos and cattle. In ‘Fire Ecology and Management of Western Australian Ecosystems’. (Ed. JR Ford) pp. 21–31. (Western Australian Institute of Technology: Perth)

Liedloff AC, Coughenour MB, Ludwig JA , Dyer R (2001) Modelling the trade-off between fire and grazing in a tropical savanna landscape, northern Australia. Environment International  27, 173–180.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | McBryde GL, Conner JR, Scifres CJ (1984) Economic Analysis of Selected Brush Management. Texas A&M University System, Texas Agricultural Experimental Station, Pub. No. B-1468. (Texas)

McKeague P (1992) The cattle industry of Cape York Peninsula. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Project Report Q092007. (Brisbane)

McKeon GM, Day KA, Howden SM, Mott JJ, Orr DM, Scattini WJ, Weston EJ (1991) Northern Australian savannas: management for pastoral production. In ‘Savanna Ecology and Management’. (Ed. PA Werner) pp. 11–28. (Blackwell Scientific Publications: London)

Mills TJ, Bratten FW (1982) FEES: design of a fire economics evaluation system. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report PSW-65. (Berkeley, CA)

Neldner VJ, Fensham RJ, Clarkson JR , Stanton JP (1997) The natural grasslands of Cape York Peninsula, Australia: description, distribution and conservation status. Biological Conservation  81, 121–136.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | O’Reagain PJ, Bushell J (2002) Effects of fire on woodland structure and density in a north Australian tropical savanna. In ‘Rangelands in the New Millennium, Proceedings of the VIIth International Rangelands Congress’, 26 July–1 August 2003, Durban, South Africa. (Eds N Allsop, AR Palmer, KP Milton, GIH Kirkman, GIH Kerley, CR Hurt, CJ Brown) pp. 393–395. (International Rangeland Congress: Durban)

Preece N (2002) Aboriginal fires in monsoonal Australia from historical accounts. Journal of Biogeography  29, 321–336.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Scifres CJ, Hamilton WT, Conner JR, Inglis JM, Rasmussen GA, Smith RP, Stuth JW, Welch TG (1985) Integrated brush management systems for south Texas: design and implementation. Texas A&M University System, Texas Agricultural Experimental Station, Bulletin B-1493. (Texas)

Sharp BR , Whittaker RJ (2003) The irreversible cattle-driven transformation of a seasonally flooded Australian savanna. Journal of Biogeography  30, 783–802.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Woinarski JCZ, Dawson F (2002) Limitless lands and limited knowledge: coping with uncertainty and ignorance in northern Australia. In ‘Ecology, Uncertainty and Policy: Managing Ecosystems for Sustainability’. (Eds J Handmer, T Norton and S Dovers) pp. 83–115. (Prentice-Hall: New York)