Evidence for lack of a fuel effect on forest and shrubland fire rates of spread under elevated fire danger conditions: implications for modelling and management
Miguel G. Cruz
A * , Martin E. Alexander B and Paulo M. Fernandes C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
B Wild Rose Fire Behaviour, 180 – 50434 Range Road 232, Leduc County, AB T4X 0L1, Canada.
C Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
* Correspondence to: miguel.cruz@csiro.au
International Journal of Wildland Fire 31(5) 471-479 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF21171
Submitted: 26 November 2021 Accepted: 8 March 2022 Published: 20 April 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
The suggestion has been made within the wildland fire community that the rate of spread in the upper portion of the fire danger spectrum is largely independent of the physical fuel characteristics in certain forest ecosystem types. Our review and analysis of the relevant scientific literature on the subject suggest that fuel characteristics have a gradual diminishing effect on the rate of fire spread in forest and shrubland fuel types with increasing fire danger, with the effect not being observable under extreme fire danger conditions. Empirical-based fire spread models with multiplicative fuel functions generally do not capture this effect adequately. The implications of this outcome on fire spread modelling and fuels management are discussed.
Keywords: dead fuel moisture contents, fire behaviour, fire propagation, fire spread modelling, fire weather, forest fuels management, fuel characteristics, fuel model, fuel type, wind speed.
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