Crown fuel consumption in Canadian boreal forest fires
William J. de Groot A , Chelene C. Hanes A * and Yonghe Wang B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste Marie, ON, P6A 5M7, Canada.
B Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada.
* Correspondence to: chelene.hanes@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca
International Journal of Wildland Fire 31(3) 255-276 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF21049
Submitted: 14 July 2020 Accepted: 7 January 2022 Published: 28 February 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Predictive crown fuel consumption models were developed using empirical data from experimental burning projects. Crown fuel load for foliage, bark, branchwood and stemwood were calculated for live overstorey and understorey trees in each plot using nationally derived tree biomass algorithms. Standing dead tree branchwood and stemwood biomass were similarly calculated. Crown bulk density values were calculated for all non-stemwood fuel components. Factors that affect the initiation and spread of crown fires (live crown base height, foliar moisture content, surface fuel consumption, critical surface fire spread rate, critical surface fire intensity) and components of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System were not statistically significant variables. Crown bulk density was moderately correlated with crown fuel consumption but was not an influential factor. A new crown fuel consumption model was developed by regression analysis using fuel load of overstorey tree foliage and standing dead tree branchwood, and fire rate of spread through crown fraction burned. A simpler model was developed using only overstorey tree foliage fuel load and fire rate of spread. Both models provide forest and fire management agencies with enhanced ability to determine crown fuel consumption, fire behaviour and carbon emissions in boreal fires using basic forest inventory or biomass/carbon datasets.
Keywords: Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System, crown bulk density, crown fraction burned, crown fuel consumption, crown fuel load, dead branchwood biomass, fire rate of spread, foliage biomass, overstorey fuels, understorey fuels.
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