Fire in arctic tundra of Alaska: past fire activity, future fire potential, and significance for land management and ecology
Nancy H. F. French A E , Liza K. Jenkins A , Tatiana V. Loboda B , Michael Flannigan C , Randi Jandt D , Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez A and Matthew Whitley A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Michigan Technological University, Michigan Tech Research Institute, 3600 Green Court, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
B University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
C University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.
D Alaska Fire Science Consortium, University of Alaska, International Arctic Research Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: nhfrench@mtu.edu
International Journal of Wildland Fire 24(8) 1045-1061 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF14167
Submitted: 15 September 2014 Accepted: 28 June 2015 Published: 31 August 2015
Abstract
A multidecadal analysis of fire in Alaskan Arctic tundra was completed using records from the Alaska Large Fire Database. Tundra vegetation fires are defined by the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map and divided into five tundra ecoregions of Alaska. A detailed review of fire records in these regions is presented, and an analysis of future fire potential was performed based on future climate scenarios. The average size of tundra fire based on the data record is 22 km2 (5454 acres). Fires show a mean size of 10 km2 (2452 acres) and median of 0.064 km2 (16 acres), indicating small fires are common. Although uncommon, 16 fires larger than 300 km2 (74 132 acres) have been recorded across four ecoregions and all five decades. Warmer summers with extended periods of drying are expected to increase fire activity as indicated by fire weather index. The implications of the current fire regime and potential changes in fire regime are discussed in the context of land management and ecosystem services. Current fire management practices and land-use planning in Alaska should be specifically tailored to the tundra region based on the current fire regime and in anticipation of the expected change in fire regime projected with climate change.
Additional keywords: climate change, fire regime, wildfire.
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