Soil nematode trophic structure and biochar addition in recently converted boreal lands
Erika Helen Young
A * , Joinal Abedin B and Adrian Unc A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Environmental Science Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada.
B Labrador Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada.
C School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada.
Soil Research 61(5) 456-467 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR22228
Submitted: 16 October 2022 Accepted: 12 February 2023 Published: 21 March 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Climate change facilitated expansion of agriculture into northern regions increases the amount of Podzol dominated farmland. Biochar can improve poor growing conditions in soils. There are no universally accepted soil quality indicators for assessing the sustainability of expanding and intensifying boreal farming. Changes in the soil community structure can inform on soil functional status and the impact of management.
Aims: We assessed the impacts of biochar added to recently converted agricultural land on soil nematodes. We hypothesised that biochar addition would increase soil pH, correlate with total nematode abundance, and favour bacterivores over fungivores.
Methods: Biochar was added to soil at 10–80 Mg C ha−1 rates. Physicochemical soil properties, crop yields, nematode community trophic composition, trophic group ratios, and diversity indices were assessed.
Key results: Soil quality and fertility were improved with biochar, critically through increasing pH from 4.8 to 5.5. The interactions between pH, available metals, and micro-nutrients were related to biochar rate. Biochar was associated with increased bacterivore abundance (CI90 of 328 ± 132 vs 618 ± 50 individuals) indicating accelerated SOM degradation, and increased omnivore abundance (CI90 of 13 ± 17 vs 33 ± 7 individuals) indicating a more resilient community. Changes to Podzol quality may be most reliably indicated by bacterivore abundance and community complexity than by ratios and diversity indices.
Conclusions: Biochar application improved soil quality as suggested by nematode community structure.
Implications: Biochar application may be recommended to improve Podzol quality and fertility. Soil nematodes can indicate relative changes to Podzol quality.
Keywords: biochar, land management, land use change, podzols, soil biology, soil food web, soil nematodes, soil quality.
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