Distribution of subsoil microbial activity and biomass under Australian rotational cotton as influenced by system, crop status and season
Katherine Polain
A E , Oliver Knox A , Brian Wilson A B , Christopher Guppy A , Leanne Lisle A , Gunasekhar Nachimuthu C , Yui Osanai A and Nina Siebers D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
B Science Division, NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
C NSW DPI, Locked bag 1000, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia.
D Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
E Corresponding author. Email: kpolain2@une.edu.au
Soil Research - https://doi.org/10.1071/SR19335
Submitted: 19 November 2019 Accepted: 23 June 2020 Published online: 5 August 2020
Abstract
Soils provide the substrate for important microbial mechanisms that moderate a variety of processes in both managed and natural terrestrial ecosystems. Australian soils are particularly ‘stressed’ and are considered to be highly weathered and nutrient deficient. This places increased pressure on the Australian cotton industry to sustainably increase productivity to support the fibre demands of a growing global population. We explored Vertosol subsoils (>30 cm) under rotational cotton crops, measuring the distribution of soil microbial activity (SMA) and biomass (SMB) to 100 cm depth, as influenced by crop system and time, using respiration-based experiments. Seasonal SMA fluctuations were considered by capturing the long-term SMA between systems using stable oxygen isotope methodology. Our results indicate that subsoils contributed 47% of SMA, regardless of system, but subsoil SMB (26%) was constrained by resource availability. Long-term SMA was not significantly influenced by depth and system, presumably as a consequence of the shrink–swell nature of Vertosols facilitating organic matter movement down the profile. The impact of this organic matter on the activity of indigenous microorganisms below the top 30 cm of the profile highlights a need to consider deeper soil when unravelling the potential microbial benefits to our cropping systems.
Additional keywords: agronomy, isotope techniques, soil microbiology, soil organic matter, Vertisol.
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