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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 21(3)

Bacterial vaginosis after menopause: factors associated and women’s experiences: a cross-sectional study of Australian postmenopausal women

Linde L. Stewart https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-2610 A * , Lenka A. Vodstrcil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-9195 A B C , Jacqueline Coombe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-5724 A , Catriona S. Bradshaw A B C and Jane S. Hocking https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-8501 A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.

B Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Vic., Australia.

C Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.

* Correspondence to: lindes@student.unimelb.edu.au

Handling Editor: Megan Lim

Sexual Health 21, SH23094 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH23094
Submitted: 10 May 2023  Accepted: 21 March 2024  Published: 16 April 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Background

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in reproductive age women; however, little is known about it after menopause. We aimed to learn more about BV in Australian postmenopausal women.

Methods

We conducted an online survey (July–September 2021). Participants were recruited via social media and professional networks and asked about demographic characteristics, sexual history and BV experiences. Outcomes of interest were the proportion who had heard of BV, had BV ever, or had BV after menopause. Factors associated with these outcomes were assessed using logistic regression.

Results

Of 906 participants, 83% were included in the analysis. Overall, 37.9% had heard of BV, 11.0% reported having a BV diagnosis ever, 6.3% reported having a BV diagnosis after menopause and 4.4% reported having a BV diagnosis only after menopause. Multivariable analysis found that among all women the odds of having a BV diagnosis after menopause were increased for those who had BV before menopause, had douched in the past 12 months, or had a previous STI diagnosis. Among those in a sexual relationship, a BV diagnosis after menopause was associated with a BV diagnosis before menopause, or being in a sexual relationship of 5 years or less in duration. About half who reported BV after menopause described recurrences, distress, and a detrimental effect on sexual relationships.

Conclusions

BV in postmenopausal women is associated with sexual activity, and impacts negatively on their lives. Research into BV should not be limited to reproductive age women.

Keywords: Australian postmenopausal women, bacterial vaginosis, BV, factors associated, menopause, postmenopausal, postmenopausal women, vaginosis, women.

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