Social self-efficacy and sexual communication among adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study
Julia Brasileiro
A B , Laura Widman A , Reina Evans A and Hannah Javidi A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A North Carolina State University, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, USA.
B Corresponding author. Email: jcbrasil@ncsu.edu
Sexual Health 18(2) 172-179 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH20221
Submitted: 13 December 2020 Accepted: 05 February 2021 Published: 30 April 2021
Abstract
Background: Sexual communication between partners is associated with safer sex behaviours, including condom use among adolescents. Several studies have found a relationship between negative psychological constructs (e.g. depression, anxiety) and poor sexual communication; however, scant research exists regarding positive psychological constructs and their potential to promote effective sexual communication among adolescents. This study examined the association between a positive construct, social self-efficacy – a person’s belief in their ability to successfully manage social relationships – and three components of sexual communication: sexual assertiveness, self-efficacy for communication, and frequency of sexual communication with dating partners. Methods: Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey from 222 high school girls in a rural school district in the south-eastern United States (Mage = 15.2; 38% White, 29% Latina, 24% Black; 50% were in a dating relationship in the past 3 months). Variables were measured with Likert-type scales. Bivariate correlation and regression analyses were conducted. Results: Social self-efficacy was significantly positively associated with sexual assertiveness and sexual communication self-efficacy for all girls, and there was a positive trend in the relationship between social self-efficacy and communication frequency among the subsample of girls who had a dating partner. The significant relationship with sexual assertiveness (β = 0.22, s.e. = 0.07, P = 0.001) and sexual communication self-efficacy (β = 0.17, s.e. = 0.04, P = 0.013) remained when controlling for sexual activity status. Conclusions: Strengthening social self-efficacy may enhance girls’ sexual communication and assertiveness skills. Future studies are needed to confirm the causal and temporal nature of these associations.
Keywords: adolescent sexual health, sexual communication, social self-efficacy, sexual assertiveness, safer sex, sexual behaviours, teenagers, positive/negative psychological constructs.
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