Hepatitis B prevalence association with sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elliot Marseille A , Aaron M. Harris B , Hacsi Horvath C , Andrea Parriott D , Mohsen Malekinejad E , Noele P. Nelson B , Michelle Van Handel
B F and James G. Kahn C
A Health Strategies International, Oakland CA, USA.
B U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, USA.
C Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Global Health Sciences, and Global Health Economics Consortium, University of California, San Francisco CA, USA.
D Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies and Consortium to Assess Prevention Economics, University of California, San Francisco CA, USA.
E Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Global Health Sciences and Consortium to Assess Prevention Economics, University of California, San Francisco CA, USA.
F Corresponding author. Email: mvanhandel@cdc.gov
Sexual Health 18(3) 269-279 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH20185
Submitted: 8 October 2020 Accepted: 21 May 2021 Published: 29 June 2021
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for persons with current or past sexually transmitted infections (STI). Our aim is to systematically assess the association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) sero-markers for current or past infection with syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or unspecified STIs. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from 1982 to 2018 were searched using medical subject headings (MeSH) terms for HBV, STIs and epidemiology. We included studies conducted in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries or Latin America that permit the calculation of prevalence ratios (PRs) for HBV and STIs and extracted PRs and counts by HBV and STI status. Results: Of 3144 identified studies, 43 met inclusion requirements, yielding 72 PRs. We stratified outcomes by HBV sero-markers [surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), combined], STI pathogen (syphilis, gonorrhoea/chlamydia, unspecified), and STI history (current, past) resulting in 18 potential outcome groups, for which results were available for 14. For the four outcome groups related to HBsAg, PR point estimates ranged from 1.65 to 6.76. For the five outcome groups related to anti-HBc, PRs ranged from 1.30 to 1.82; and for the five outcome groups related to combined HBV markers, PRs ranged from 1.15 to 1.89). The median HBsAg prevalence among people with a current or past STI was 4.17; not all studies reported HBsAg. Study settings and populations varied. Conclusion: This review found evidence of association between HBV infection and current or past STIs.
Keywords: systematic review, meta-analysis, hepatitis B, sexually transmissible infections, sexually transmitted infections, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis
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