Efficacy and acceptability of ‘nudges’ aimed at promoting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use: a survey of overseas born men who have sex with men
Nicholas Fidler
A , Ivo Vlaev B , Kelly Ann Schmidtke C , Eric P. F. Chow D E F , David Lee E , Daniel Read B and Jason J. Ong D E G *
A Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
B Warwick Business School, Coventry, UK.
C University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA.
D Faculty of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
E Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
F Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
G Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Sexual Health 20(2) 173-176 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH22113
Submitted: 9 July 2022 Accepted: 7 February 2023 Published: 23 February 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Background: This study explores the potential for behavioural economics techniques called ‘nudges’ to encourage the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by overseas-born men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia. We investigated the preferences of overseas-born MSM for different nudges and the effect of nudges on reported likelihood of seeking information about PrEP.
Methods: We conducted an online survey of overseas-born MSM, in which they were asked: (1) how likely they and a relevant friend would be to click on PrEP advertisements that used behavioural economics strategies; and (2) what they most and least liked about each ad. We conducted ordered logistic regression of reported likelihood scores against participant age and sexual orientation, use of a model in an advertisement, use of statistics about PrEP, reference to the World Health Organization (WHO), rewards for seeking further information, and use of a call-to-action.
Results: Participants (n = 324) reported higher likelihoods of clicking on advertisements with images of people, statistics about PrEP, rewards for seeking further information, and calls-to-action. They reported lower likelihoods of clicking on advertisements referencing the WHO. They had negative emotional responses to sexualised humour, gambling metaphors, and the slogan ‘Live Fearlessly’.
Conclusions: Overseas-born MSM prefer public health messages that feature representative messengers and statistics about PrEP. These preferences are consistent with previous data on descriptive norms (i.e. statistics about the number of peers doing the desired behaviour) and gain-framed information (i.e. focusing on what can be gained from an intervention).
Keywords: behavioural economics, descriptive norms, gain-framed information, HIV, messengers, nudge, pre-exposure prophylaxis, sexual health.
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