Exploring attitudes towards sexting of young people: a cross-sectional study
Megan S. C. Lim A B C , Alyce M. Vella A , Danielle R. Horyniak A B and Margaret E. Hellard A BA Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Vic. 3004, Australia.
B School of Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Vic. 3004, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: megan.lim@burnet.edu.au
Sexual Health 13(6) 530-535 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH16029
Submitted: 12 February 2016 Accepted: 23 August 2016 Published: 7 October 2016
Abstract
Background: Sexting is a common emerging phenomenon. This study aims to explore young people’s attitudes towards sexting. Methods: Participants (n = 469, age range 15–29 years) were recruited at a music festival and self-completed a questionnaire. Attitudes towards sexting were assessed using a series of seven statements, rated on a five-point Likert scale from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’. Correlates of sexting attitudes were determined using multivariable regression. Results: Forty-six percent of respondents reported ever sexting. Most (88%) agreed ‘It’s risky for a girl to send a naked picture of herself,’ fewer agreed with the statement ‘It’s risky for a boy to send a naked picture of himself’ (77%). Thirty percent agreed that ‘If someone I’d just started seeing sent me a sext I might show it to some friends,’ however, only 14% might do the same with a sext from a boyfriend or girlfriend (this did not differ by sex). More permissive attitudes to sexting were associated with being male, lower sexual health knowledge, inconsistent condom use with casual partners, and higher alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Although the majority of young people surveyed agreed that sexting was risky it was a common practice. Given the potential psychosocial impact of sharing sexts without consent, it was concerning that up to a third of participants indicated they might do so. The findings of this study have implications for informing education on sexting.
References
[1] Associated Press-MTV. Digital abuse survey. 2009. Available online at: http://surveys.ap.org/data/KnowledgeNetworks/AP_Digital_Abuse_Topline_092209.pdf [verified 29 April 2013].[2] National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. Cosmogirl.com. Sex and tech: results from a survey of teens and young adults 2008. Available online at: http://thenationalcampaign.org/sites/default/files/resource-primary-download/sex_and_tech_summary.pdf [verified 9 September 2016].
[3] Strassberg DS, McKinnon RK, Sustaíta MA, Rullo J. Sexting by high school students: an exploratory and descriptive. Arch Sex Behav 2013; 42 15–21.
| Sexting by high school students: an exploratory and descriptive.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22674035PubMed |
[4] Klettke B, Hallford DJ, Mellor DJ. Sexting prevalence and correlates: a systematic literature review. Clin Psychol Rev 2014; 34 44–53.
| 24370714PubMed |
[5] Dake J, Price J, Maziarz L, Ward B. Prevalence and correlates of sexting behavior in adolescents. Am J Sex Educ 2012; 7 1–15.
| Prevalence and correlates of sexting behavior in adolescents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[6] Yeung TH, Horyniak DR, Vella AM, Hellard ME, Lim MS. Prevalence, correlates and attitudes towards sexting among young people in Melbourne, Australia. Sex Health 2014; 11 332–9.
| Prevalence, correlates and attitudes towards sexting among young people in Melbourne, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25087581PubMed |
[7] Patrick K, Heywood W, Pitts MK, Mitchell A. Demographic and behavioural correlates of six sexting behaviours among Australian secondary school students. Sex Health 2015; 12 480–7.
| Demographic and behavioural correlates of six sexting behaviours among Australian secondary school students.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26277625PubMed |
[8] Lenhart A. Teens and sexting. 2009. Available online at: http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/Teens-and-Sexting.aspx [verified 9 September 2016].
[9] Walker S, Sanci L, Temple-Smith M. Sexting: young women’s and men’s views on its nature and origins. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52 697–701.
| Sexting: young women’s and men’s views on its nature and origins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23587784PubMed |
[10] Dir AL, Coskunpinar A, Steiner JL, Cyders MA. Understanding differences in sexting behaviors across gender, relationship status, and sexual identity, and the role of expectancies in sexting. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2013; 16 568–74.
| Understanding differences in sexting behaviors across gender, relationship status, and sexual identity, and the role of expectancies in sexting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23675996PubMed |
[11] Albury K, Crawford K, Byron P, Mathews B. Young people and sexting in Australia: ethics, representation and the law. Sydney: University of New South Wales; 2013.
[12] Gong L, Hoffman A. Sexting and slut-shaming: why prosecution of teen self-sexters harms women. Georgetown J Gender & Law 2012; 13 577–89.
[13] Ringrose J, Gill R, Livingstone S, Harvey L. A qualitative study of children, young people and ‘sexting’. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children; 2012. Available online at: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/resourcesforprofessionals/sexualabuse/sexting-research-report_wdf89269.pdf [verified 9 September 2016].
[14] Reyns BW, Burek MW, Henson B, Fisher BS. The unintended consequences of digital technology: exploring the relationship between sexting and cyber victimization. J Crim Justice 2013; 36 1–17.
| The unintended consequences of digital technology: exploring the relationship between sexting and cyber victimization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[15] Victoria Legal Aid. Sex, young people and the law (education kit). 2015. Available online at: www.legalaid.vic.gov.au/sex-young-people-law [verified 9 September 2016].
[16] Albury K, Crawford K. Sexting, consent and young people’s ethics: beyond Megan’s story. J Media Cultural Studies 2012; 26 463–73.
| Sexting, consent and young people’s ethics: beyond Megan’s story.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[17] Nutbeam D, Harris E, Wise M. Theory in a nutshell: a practical guide to health promotion theories. 3rd edn. North Ryde: McGraw-Hill Australia; 2010.
[18] Lim MSC, Bowring AL, Gold J, Aitken CK, Hellard ME. Trends in sexual behavior, testing, and knowledge in young people; 2006–2011. Sex Transm Dis 2012; 39 831–4.
| Trends in sexual behavior, testing, and knowledge in young people; 2006–2011.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[19] Hundhammer T, Mussweiler T. How sex puts you in gendered shoes: sexuality-priming leads to gender-based self-perception and behavior. J Pers Soc Psychol 2012; 103 176–93.
| How sex puts you in gendered shoes: sexuality-priming leads to gender-based self-perception and behavior.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22545746PubMed |
[20] Lim MS, Aitken CK, Hocking JS, Hellard ME. Discrepancies between young people’s self-reported sexual experience and their perceptions of ‘normality’. Sex Health 2009; 6 171–2.
| Discrepancies between young people’s self-reported sexual experience and their perceptions of ‘normality’.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19457298PubMed |
[21] Rice E, Rhoades H, Winetrobe H, Sanchez M, Montoya J, Plant A, Kordic T. Sexually explicit cell phone messaging associated with sexual risk among adolescents. Pediatrics 2012; 130 667–73.
| Sexually explicit cell phone messaging associated with sexual risk among adolescents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22987882PubMed |
[22] Benotsch EG, Snipes DJ, Martin AM, Bull SS. Sexting, substance use, and sexual risk behavior in young adults. J Adolescent Health 2013; 52 307–13.
| Sexting, substance use, and sexual risk behavior in young adults.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[23] Lim MS, Hellard ME, Aitken CK, Hocking JS. Sexual-risk behaviour, self-perceived risk and knowledge of sexually transmissible infections among young Australians attending a music festival. Sex Health 2007; 4 51–6.
| Sexual-risk behaviour, self-perceived risk and knowledge of sexually transmissible infections among young Australians attending a music festival.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17382039PubMed |