Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Australian Systematic Botany Australian Systematic Botany Society
Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of plants
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Morphological and molecular data reveal three rather than one species of Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae) in Australia, New Zealand and Islands of the South West Pacific

Ian R. H. Telford A D , Patrizia Sebastian B , Peter J. de Lange C , Jeremy J. Bruhl A and Susanne S. Renner B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.

B Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80638, Munich, Germany.

C Ecosystems and Species Unit, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908, Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand.

D Corresponding author. Email: itelford@une.edu.au

Australian Systematic Botany 25(3) 188-201 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB11032
Submitted: 26 August 2011  Accepted: 7 December 2011   Published: 6 June 2012

Abstract

Morphometric data have long suggested the existence of three species of Sicyos in Australia and New Zealand. Molecular data now corroborate this and place the three species in the context of the remaining 72 species of Sicyos, most of them in the New World. We here describe and illustrate Sicyos undara I.Telford & P.Sebastian from northern Queensland and S. mawhai I.Telford & P.Sebastian from New Zealand, and emend the circumscription of S. australis to account for the removal of these two extraneous elements. We also provide a key to the three species, map their ranges, and note their habitat and conservation status.


References

Allan HH (1961) ‘Flora of New Zealand.’ (Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand)

Bailey FM (1900) ‘The Queensland flora.’ (Queensland Government: Brisbane)

Beadle NCW (1976) ‘Students flora of north eastern New South Wales.’ (Botany Department, University of New England: Armidale, NSW)

Beadle NCW, Evans OD, Carolin RC (1962) ‘Handbook of the vascular plants of the Sydney District and the Blue Mountains.’ (Brown Gem Print: Armidale, NSW)

Belbin L (1990a) ‘PATN: a user’s guide.’ (Division of Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO: Canberra)

Belbin L (1990b) ‘PATN: a technical reference.’ (Division of Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO: Canberra)

Belbin L, Collins A (2006) ‘PATN. V.3.1.’ (Blatant Fabrications Pty Ltd: Brisbane)

Bentham G (1866) ‘Flora Australiensis.’ (Lovell Reeve & Co.: London)

Brandon A, de Lange P, Townsend A (2004) ‘Threatened plants of the Waikato Conservancy.’ (Department of Conservation: Wellington, New Zealand)

Buchanan AM (1988) The Tasmanian collecting localities of Ronald Gunn and Joseph Milligan. Tasmanian Herbarium Occasional Publication 1, 1–56.

Cameron EK (1992) Decline of mawhai (Sicyos australis). New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter 28, 11–12.

Chandler GT, Plunkett GM, Pinney SM, Cayzer LW, Gemmill CEC (2007) Molecular and morphological agreement in Pittosporaceae: phylogenetic analysis with nuclear ITS and plastid trnL–tmF sequence data. Australian Systematic Botany 20, 390–401.
Molecular and morphological agreement in Pittosporaceae: phylogenetic analysis with nuclear ITS and plastid trnL–tmF sequence data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlSlsrvP&md5=5c0ea910c468c9e730aef3b11343796bCAS |

Connor HE, Edgar E (1987) Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand Flora, 1960–1986, and nomina nova IV, 1983–1986. New Zealand Journal of Botany 25, 115–171.
Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand Flora, 1960–1986, and nomina nova IV, 1983–1986.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Curtis WM (1963) ‘The Students flora of Tasmania.’ (Government Printer: Hobart)

de Lange PJ (1997) Gratiola pedunculata (Scrophulariaceae); a new addition to the New Zealand flora. New Zealand Journal of Botany 35, 317–322.
Gratiola pedunculata (Scrophulariaceae); a new addition to the New Zealand flora.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Lange PJ (2011) Cassytha paniculata a possible indigenous biocontrol for gorse (Ulex europeus)? Trilepidea 93, 9–10.

de Lange PJ, Murray BG (2002) Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora – 37. Miscellaneous families. New Zealand Journal of Botany 40, 1–23.
Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora – 37. Miscellaneous families.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Lange PJ, Norton DA (1998) Revisiting rarity: a botanical perspective on the meanings of rarity and the classification of New Zealand’s uncommon plants. Royal Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series 48, 145–159.

de Lange PJ, Norton DA, Heenan PB, Courtney SP, Molloy BPJ, Ogle CC, Rance BD, Johnson PN, Hitchmough R (2004) Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42, 45–76.
Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Lange PJ, Sawyer WD, Rolfe JR (2006) ‘New Zealand indigenous vascular plant checklist.’ (New Zealand Plant Conservation Network: Wellington, New Zealand)

de Lange PJ, Heenan PB, Townsend AJ (2009a) Rorippa laciniata (Brassicaceae), a new addition to the flora of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 47, 133–137.
Rorippa laciniata (Brassicaceae), a new addition to the flora of New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Lange PJ, Norton DA, Courtney SP, Heenan PB, Barklla JW, Cameron EK, Hitchmough R, Townsend AJ (2009b) Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand (2008 revision). New Zealand Journal of Botany 47, 61–96.
Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand (2008 revision).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Lange PJ, Smissen RD, Wagstaff SJ, Keeling DJ, Murray BG, Toelken HR (2010) A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification for Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Australian Systematic Botany 23, 309–319.
A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification for Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Lange PJ, Townsend AJ, Rolfe JR (2011) Crassula nutans var. minus (Crassulaceae) a new trans-Tasman natural weed arrival to northern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 49, 361–366.
Crassula nutans var. minus (Crassulaceae) a new trans-Tasman natural weed arrival to northern New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Delmiglio C, Pearson MN (2006) Effects and incidence of cucumber mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus in New Zealand’s only native cucurbit, Sicyos australis. Australasian Plant Pathology 35, 29–35.
Effects and incidence of cucumber mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus in New Zealand’s only native cucurbit, Sicyos australis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Endlicher SFL (1833) ‘Prodromus flora Norfolkicae.’ (F. Beck: Vienna)

Forester L, Townsend A (2004) ‘Threatened plants of Northland Conservancy.’ (Department of Conservation: Wellington, New Zealand)

Green PS (1994) Oceanic Islands 1. In ‘Flora of Australia 49’. (Ed. AJG Wilson). (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra)

Griffin TJ, McDougall I (1975) Geochronology of the Cainozoic McBride Volcanic Provinve, northern Queensland. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 22, 387–396.
Geochronology of the Cainozoic McBride Volcanic Provinve, northern Queensland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE28Xks1Kisr4%3D&md5=6a6ba62b9c2d19c80cf24673716f166fCAS |

Heenan PB, Forester LJ (1997) Mazus pumilio (Scrophulariaceae), an addition to the indigenous flora of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 35, 437–440.
Mazus pumilio (Scrophulariaceae), an addition to the indigenous flora of New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heenan PB, de Lange PJ, Keeling JK (2009) Alternanthera nahui – a new species of Amaranthaceae indigenous to New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 47, 97–105.
Alternanthera nahui – a new species of Amaranthaceae indigenous to New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hooker JD (1847) Flora Tasmaniae spicelegium. Hooker’s London Journal of Botany 6, 473–474.

Hooker JD (1856) ‘The botany of the Antarctic voyages of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror. 3. Flora Tasmaniae.’ (Lovell Reeve & Co.: London)

Hooker JD (1860) ‘The botany of the Antarctic voyage. 3. Flora Tasmaniae.’ (Lovell Reeve & Co.: London)

Perrie LR, Brownsey PJ, Lockhart PJ, Brown EA, Large MF (2003) Biogeography of temperate Australasian Polystichum ferns inferred from chloroplast sequence and AFLP. Journal of Biogeography 30, 1729–1736.
Biogeography of temperate Australasian Polystichum ferns inferred from chloroplast sequence and AFLP.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Prebble JM, Cupido CN, Meudt HM, Garnock-Jones PJ (2011) First phylogenetic and biogeographical study of the southern bluebells (Wahlenbergia, Campanulaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59, 636–648.
First phylogenetic and biogeographical study of the southern bluebells (Wahlenbergia, Campanulaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Schaefer H, Renner SS (2011) Phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales and a new classification of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae). Taxon 60, 122–138.

Schaefer H, Heibl C, Renner SS (2009) Gourds afloat: a dated phylogeny reveals an Asian origin of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and numerous oversea dispersal events. Proceedings. Biological Sciences 276, 843–851.
Gourds afloat: a dated phylogeny reveals an Asian origin of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and numerous oversea dispersal events.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sebastian P, Schaefer H, Telford IRH, Renner SS (2010a) Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo) have numerous wild relatives in Asia and Australia, and the sister species of melon is from Australia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 14 269–14 273.
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo) have numerous wild relatives in Asia and Australia, and the sister species of melon is from Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVCkt7zI&md5=7d77048eee2fba3dfec6bf13de894af6CAS |

Sebastian PM, Schaefer H, Renner SS (2010b) Darwin’s Galapagos gourd: providing new insights 175 years after his visit. Journal of Biogeography 37, 975–978.
Darwin’s Galapagos gourd: providing new insights 175 years after his visit.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sebastian P, Schaefer H, Lira R, Telford IRH, Renner SS (2012) Radiation following long distance dispersal: the contributions of time, opportunity, and diaspore morphology in Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae). Journal of Biogeography
Radiation following long distance dispersal: the contributions of time, opportunity, and diaspore morphology in Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sneath PHA, Sokal RR (1973) ‘Numerical taxonomy: the principles and practice of numerical classification.’ (W.H. Freeman and Co.: San Francisco)

Solander DC (1782) Primitiae florae Novae Zelandiae. In ‘Floras of the countries visited by Captain James Cook’s first voyage’. pp. 381–620. (Botany Library, Natural History Museum: London)

Stamatakis A (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22, 2688–2690.
RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis with thousands of taxa and mixed models.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFKlsbfI&md5=5951b3e2e44170968e05586196eaac1fCAS |

Stuessy TF (1990) ‘Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data.’ (Columbia University Press: New York)

Sykes WR, de Lange PJ (1993) Plectranthus parviflorus Willd. (Lamiaceae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 31, 11–14.
Plectranthus parviflorus Willd. (Lamiaceae) in New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tay ML, Meudt HM, Garnock-Jones PJ, Ritchie PA (2010) DNA sequences from three genomes reveal multiple long-distance dispersals and non-monophyly of sections in Australasian Plantago (Plantaginaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 23, 47–68.
DNA sequences from three genomes reveal multiple long-distance dispersals and non-monophyly of sections in Australasian Plantago (Plantaginaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Telford IRH (1982) Cucurbitaceae. In ‘Flora of Australia 8’. (Ed. AS George) pp. 158–198. (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra)

Townsend AJ, de Lange PJ, Norton DA, Molloy J, Miskelly C, Duffy C (2008) ‘The New Zealand threat classification system manual.’ (Department of Conservation: Wellington, New Zealand)

Webb CJ, Sykes WR, Garnock-Jones PJ (1988) ‘Flora of New Zealand.’ (Botany Division, DSIR: Christchurch, New Zealand)

Willis JH (1972) ‘A handbook to plants in Victoria.’ (Melbourne University Press: Melbourne)