Phylogenetics of hopbushes and pepperflowers (Dodonaea, Diplopeltis – Sapindaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and partial ETS sequences incorporating secondary-structure models
Mark G. Harrington A B C and Paul A. Gadek A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia.
B Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: Mark.Harrington@jcu.edu.au
Australian Systematic Botany 23(6) 431-442 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB10002
Submitted: 18 January 2010 Accepted: 25 October 2010 Published: 23 December 2010
Abstract
Hopbushes and pepperflowers (Dodonaea, Diplopeltis – Sapindaceae) are important components of Australia’s arid zone and sclerophyll and temperate forests and woodlands. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS and partial ETS sequences for near-complete sampling of both genera were performed using a Bayesian statistical method and RNA specific models of nucleotide evolution that incorporate secondary structure (separate models for stems and loops). Diplopeltis is paraphyletic. Diplopeltis stuartii is not closer to other species of the genus than it is to species outside the genus. There are also several evolutionary elements in the molecular data that support D. stuartii as distinct from the other members of the genus. The monophyly of Dodonaea as redefined here to include all species of Distichostemon is unequivocally supported by the molecular data and the morphological synapomorphies of petal-less flowers with a highly reduced intrastaminal disk that is absent in staminate flowers. There do not appear to be any obvious evolutionary trends in the morphological characters (leaf and capsule form, presence or absence of aril, or breeding system) that have been previously used to group taxa. However, there are some morphological characters that may be useful to delineate some of the clades recovered in the present molecular study. New combinations in Dodonaea are made for all species of Distichostemon.
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