Miocene Astelia (Asparagales: Asteliaceae) macrofossils from southern New Zealand
Elizabeth Maciunas A , John G. Conran A D , Jennifer M. Bannister B , Rosemary Paull A and Daphne E. Lee C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Benham Bldg DX 650 312, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
B Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
C Department of Geology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
D Corresponding author. Email: john.conran@adelaide.edu.au
Australian Systematic Botany 24(1) 19-31 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB10035
Submitted: 27 July 2010 Accepted: 5 December 2010 Published: 29 April 2011
Abstract
The discovery of Early Miocene Asteliaceae fossils at Foulden Maar in southern New Zealand provided a good opportunity to assess the usefulness of cuticular information for identifying members in this family. On the basis of cuticular morphology, the Foulden specimens are assigned to Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R.Br. and described as a new species, A. antiquua Maciunas et al. They are shown to have some affinities with A. alpina, A. linearis and also an apparently unnamed Astelia taxon from southern Westland, New Zealand. Although cuticular characteristics alone were of help in identifying individual species, the addition of gross morphological characters facilitated the differentiation between Asteliaceae genera, greatly improving the phylogenetic placement of the fossil. On the basis of analysis of the combined data, Astelia and Collospermum formed a clade and were sister to a Milligania and Neoastelia clade, albeit with most branches showing little overall bootstrap support.
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