Morphometric studies of polyploid Cardamine species (Brassicaceae) from Japan: solving a long-standing taxonomic and nomenclatural controversy
Judita Lihová A D , Hiroshi Kudoh B and Karol Marhold A CA Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia.
B Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan.
C Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
D Corresponding author. Email: judita.lihova@savba.sk
Australian Systematic Botany 23(2) 94-111 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB09038
Submitted: 18 August 2009 Accepted: 1 February 2010 Published: 31 May 2010
Abstract
Polyploidy is an important evolutionary mechanism and speciation mode in plants; however, delimitation of species boundaries in polyploid complexes is often a difficult task. In the present paper, we explore morphological variation in a group of East Asian Cardamine polyploids that have long been shrouded in taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. We relate the present morphometric data of 41 sampled populations with recently published ploidy-level data, and propose a revised taxonomic treatment, including the designation of several lectotypes. The following species are recognised in Japan: C. schinziana O.E.Schulz (2n = 6x, 8x), C. torrentis Nakai (2n = 8x), C. valida (Takeda) Nakai (2n = 4x) and C. yezoensis Maxim. (2n = 6x−12x). C. amariformis Nakai (2n = 4x) from Korea is also discussed, although it may be conspecific with C. valida, pending further studies. Distribution of these taxa in the Japanese Archipelago is characterised, including comments on their occurrence outside of Japan.
Acknowledgements
This research was financially supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV; Project No. RPEU-0003-06 to K. M.); by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Grant No. 0021620828 to K.M.); by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Priority Areas ‘Genome Barriers in Plant Reproduction’ 19043010 to H. K and Global COE Program A06 of Kyoto University); and by the exchange program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Slovak Academy of Sciences. Our sincere thanks go to the directors and curators of the cited herbaria for giving us access to herbarium specimens; to Hidetoshi Kato (Tokyo), Jae-Hong Pak, Cho Seong-ho, and Lee Don-hwa (Daegu) for their considerable help with plant sampling in the field; and to Zlata Komárová (Bratislava) for drawings of plants.
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