Floral ontogeny of Hardenbergia violacea (Fabaceae: Faboideae: Phaseoleae) and taxa of tribes Bossiaeeae and Mirbelieae, with emphasis on presence of pseudoraceme inflorescences
Shirley C. TuckerDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610, USA, and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. Email: tucker@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Australian Systematic Botany 19(3) 193-210 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB05004
Submitted: 17 March 2005 Accepted: 13 December 2005 Published: 30 June 2006
Abstract
The floral ontogeny of several Australian papilionoid taxa has been studied in Hardenbergia violacea L. (Phaseoleae); Kennedia rubicunda (Phaseoleae; inflorescences only); Bossiaea cordigera (Bossiaeeae); Gastrolobium truncatum, Mirbelia oxylobioides, and Pultenaea daphnoides (Mirbelieae). Species studied of Hardenbergia, Pultenaea, and Brachysema have pseudoracemose inflorescences comprised of triads of flowers, Kennedia rubicunda has paired flowers that resemble reduced pseudoracemes, while Gastrolobium truncatum and Mirbelia oxylobioides have pseudoracemes comprised of 2–10 flowers per ultimate unit. Pseudoracemes are a significant and overlooked feature in many taxa of tribes Bossiaeeae and Mirbelieae. Hardenbergia violacea has ultimate axillary units of three flowers, each with a subtending bract but no bracteoles. Floral ontogeny in H. violacea and P. daphnoides shows acropetal order among whorls, and unidirectional order starting from the abaxial side in sepal, petal, and stamen whorls, as in most papilionoid flowers. The carpel is initiated concurrently with the first antesepalous stamen primordium. Pultenaea daphnoides and Bossiaea cordigera have unidirectional sepal initiation starting abaxially, but simultaneous petal initiation, an unusual feature among papilionoids. In late stages of H. violacea and B. cordigera, a diadelphous stamen tube or sheath is formed, while in taxa of Mirbelieae the stamens remain free. The flowers in all taxa studied become strongly zygomorphic as evidenced by three petal morphs and upturning of the free portions of style and stamens late in development.
Acknowledgments
I thank Jo Anna Bass and David Pierce for their technical assistance with scanning electron microscopy and photography, and Jan Beckert for drawings. Permission to collect material at the Arboretum of the University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, is acknowledged and appreciated. Scanning electron microscopy work was done at the Electron Microscopy facility at the Department of Geology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. The research was supported by Boyd Professorship funds from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
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