Areas of endemism and environmental heterogeneity: a case study in Mexican legumes
Maribel Arenas-Navarro
A B , Tania Escalante C , César Miguel-Talonia A , Ana Silva-Galicia A and Oswaldo Téllez-Valdés D *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Unidad de Posgrado, Coordinación del Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Edificio D 1er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, México City, México.
B Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58190, México.
C Grupo de Biogeografía de la Conservación, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, México City, México.
D Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, México.
Australian Systematic Botany 36(1) 21-37 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB21037
Submitted: 15 December 2021 Accepted: 25 January 2023 Published: 22 February 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Abstract
Fabaceae is a monophyletic family comprising more than 22 000 species worldwide. In Mexico, it is the second-most species rich family, inhabiting multiple ecosystems with a high diversity of life forms. Our aims were to (1) identify areas of endemism (AEs) by using endemicity analysis at different cell sizes (1°, 0.5° and 0.25°) for 488 Mexican legumes, (2) describe the climatic and topographic heterogeneity of AE, (3) determine whether there is a positive relationship between AEs and climatic and topographic heterogeneity and (4) examine the conservation status of legumes that defined the AEs. We found six general AEs, supported by 63 species, with endemicity index values ranging from 2.05 to 6.86. These general areas had zones where biogeographical provinces intersected and exhibited a higher environmental heterogeneity. Areas detected at 1° showed a positive relationship between endemicity index and environmental heterogeneity. Legume species currently lack legal protection in Mexico, 69% of the endemic species do not have an evaluation category according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and eight species are in some risk category. Future conservation efforts should focus on protecting endemism areas from accomplishing representative natural protected areas.
Keywords: climatic heterogeneity, conservation status, endemicity analysis, endemicity index, Fabaceae, Mexico, natural protected areas, topographic heterogeneity.
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