Feeding ecology of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis in the Sea of Japan
Takuya Sato
A , Ken-ichi Nakamura B , Atsushi Nishimoto C , Atsushi Tawa A , Taketoshi Kodama B D , Nobuaki Suzuki A D , Hiroshi Ashida A and Hiroshige Tanaka A E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Shimizu Field Station, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-city, Shizuoka 424-8633, Japan.
B Niigata Field Station, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1-5933-22 Suido-cho, Chuou-ku, Niigata-city, Niigata 951-8121, Japan.
C Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
D Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
E Corresponding author. Email: tanakahs@affrc.go.jp
Marine and Freshwater Research 73(3) 377-387 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21200
Submitted: 6 July 2021 Accepted: 5 November 2021 Published: 6 December 2021
Abstract
The feeding ecology of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (PBF) Thunnus orientalis in the Sea of Japan was examined to better understand the survival process before fishery recruitment. Stomach content analysis showed that the main prey items were fish, especially Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, cephalopods, mainly small squid Enoploteuthis chunii, and copepods. In addition, although both fish prey and cephalopods were important for large juveniles (100–300-mm fork length, FL), the stomach contents of small juveniles (40–99 mm FL) mainly included fish prey. The strong possibility of cannibalism was also suggested, although its contribution to total food consumption was limited. The size of fish prey increased significantly with the FL of PBF. Nitrogen isotope ratios (i.e. δ15N) also increased with increasing FL (12–227 mm), suggesting that the trophic level increases rapidly during the juvenile stage because of the active feeding on fish by PBF. Such feeding habits, especially feeding on fish, would be essential to achieve a high growth rate and would therefore be associated with the survival of juvenile PBF before recruitment in the Sea of Japan. In addition, PBF exhibited a decrease in stomach fullness during the night-time, and their estimated gastric evacuation rate was 0.36 h–1.
Keywords: early life history, food consumption rate, piscivory, plastic debris, Scombridae, size-scaling of trophic level.
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