The comprehensive effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on the physiology of the diatom microalga Thalassiosira weissflogii
Natalia Shoman
A * , Ekaterina Solomonova A , Arkady Akimov A , Olga Rylkova A and Yakov Meger B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nakhimov avenue, Sevastopol 299011, Russian Federation.
B Sevastopol State University, 33, Universitetskaya Street, Sevastopol 299053, Russian Federation.
Functional Plant Biology 50(8) 612-622 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22282
Submitted: 25 January 2023 Accepted: 8 May 2023 Published: 1 June 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
The high rate of production and use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) results in its accumulation in the environment. However, the effect of large quantities of CuO NPs on aquatic ecosystems is not fully known. In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton is the primary producer of organic matter and the basis of all the trophic interactions; accordingly, the potential effect of CuO NPs on the microalgae community is of great concern. This study established the main patterns of changes in morphological, structural, functional, fluorescent and cytometric parameters in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii after adding CuO NPs to the medium at concentrations of 250–2500 μg L−1. As shown, the investigated pollutant has cytotoxic, genotoxic and mechanical effect on the microalga covering almost all the aspects of cell functioning. A two-fold decrease in the culture abundance relative to the control is observed at the toxicant content of 550 μg L−1 in the medium. At CuO NPs content above 750 μg L−1, a pronounced inhibition of the alga growth is recorded, as well as a decrease in the efficiency of its photosynthetic apparatus, a disturbance of membrane integrity, an increase in cell volume, a rise in abundance of dead/inactive cells in the culture, enlargement and deformation of nuclei, an increase in reactive oxygen species production, and depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane. Our results show that high CuO NPs concentrations in water can cause serious disruptions in phytoplankton functioning and in equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems in general.
Keywords: biotesting, copper oxide nanoparticles, cytotoxicity, flow cytometry, genotoxicity, mechanical damage, microalgae, pollution.
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