Certain calcium channel inhibitors exhibit a number of secondary effects on the physiological properties in Nitellopsis obtusa: a voltage clamp approach
Vilmantas Pupkis A * , Indre Lapeikaite A , Julius Kavaliauskas A , Kazimierz Trębacz B and Vilma Kisnieriene AA Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio Avenue, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
B Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
Functional Plant Biology 50(3) 195-205 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22106
Submitted: 20 May 2022 Accepted: 6 October 2022 Published: 2 November 2022
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
An unsolved problem of contemporary plant electrophysiology is the identity of Ca2+ channels responsible for the initiation of the action potential. We took a pharmacological approach and applied several Ca2+ channel blockers (verapamil, tetrandrine, and NED-19) on a Characean (Nitellopsis obtusa) algae model system. The impact of the selected pharmaceuticals on the parameters of excitation transients of a single cell was analysed employing the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. It was revealed that tetrandrine exerted no effect, while both verapamil and NED-19 prolonged activation and inactivation durations of the excitatory Cl− current. NED-19 also significantly depolarised the excitation threshold membrane potential and shifted Ca2+ current reversal potential. Thus, NED-19 most specifically targeted Ca2+ channels. A viability assay paired with observations of cytoplasmic streaming revealed that verapamil affected not only Ca2+ channels but also exhibited non-specific effects, which eventually lead to cell death. Since many potential Ca2+ channel blockers exert additional undesirable non-specific effects, our study underlines the necessity to search for new more specific modulators of plant Ca2+ transport systems.
Keywords: action potential, calcium transport, electrophysiology, NED-19, Nitellopsis obtusa, tetrandrine, verapamil, voltage clamp.
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